Goetz Katja, Musselmann Berthold, Szecsenyi Joachim, Joos Stefanie
Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. katja.
Fam Med. 2013 Feb;45(2):95-101.
Workload, personal health behavior, and job satisfaction of the physicians are crucial aspects for the quality of care they provide. The aim of our study was to identify influencing factors on job satisfaction with regard to general practitioners' (GPs) characteristics such as age, gender, health behavior, body mass index (BMI), and workload.
A cross-sectional survey with a sample of 1,027 German GPs was used. Job satisfaction was measured according to a modified version of the Warr-Cook-Wall job satisfaction scale. Further, we collected data about health behavior and BMI of GPs and demographic data. Group comparison was evaluated using ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for post-hoc tests. A linear regression analysis was performed in which each of the job satisfaction items were handled as a dependent variable.
The response rate was 34.0%. GPs were rather satisfied with their job with the exception of "hours of work," "physical working condition," and "income." GPs working in cities had less working hours per week, less number of patients per day, longer consultation times, and a higher proportion of privately insured patients compared to GPs working in rural areas. Being female, a higher age, a good health behavior, a lower BMI, and a high proportion of privately insured patients were positively associated with job satisfaction.
Our results suggest that job satisfaction depends on different aspects of working conditions and individual characteristics. Therefore, strategies to improve job satisfaction should target improving working conditions and activating physicians' health resources.
医生的工作量、个人健康行为和工作满意度是其提供医疗服务质量的关键因素。我们研究的目的是确定影响全科医生工作满意度的因素，这些因素涉及年龄、性别、健康行为、体重指数（BMI）和工作量等全科医生特征。
采用横断面调查，样本为1027名德国全科医生。工作满意度根据Warr-Cook-Wall工作满意度量表的修订版进行测量。此外，我们收集了全科医生的健康行为、BMI数据以及人口统计学数据。使用方差分析（ANOVA）及Bonferroni校正进行事后检验来评估组间比较。进行线性回归分析，将每个工作满意度项目作为因变量。
回复率为34.0%。除了“工作时长”“身体工作条件”和“收入”外，全科医生对其工作相当满意。与在农村地区工作的全科医生相比，在城市工作的全科医生每周工作时长更少，每天的患者数量更少，会诊时间更长，且私人保险患者的比例更高。女性、年龄较大、健康行为良好、BMI较低以及私人保险患者比例较高与工作满意度呈正相关。
我们的结果表明，工作满意度取决于工作条件和个人特征的不同方面。因此，提高工作满意度的策略应着眼于改善工作条件和激活医生的健康资源。
