Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 217 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Feb 6;13:113. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-113.
Perceived stress (PS) is a risk factor for a variety of diseases. However, relatively little is known about age- or ethnicity-specific differences in the effect of potential predictors of PS in men.
We used a population-based survey of 6,773 White, 1,681 Black, and 617 Hispanic men in Southeastern Pennsylvania to evaluate the relationship of self-reported PS and financial security, health status, social factors, and health behaviors. Interactions across levels of age and ethnicity were tested using logistic regression models adjusted for overall health status, education, and household poverty.
High PS decreased significantly with age (p < 0.0001) and varied by ethnicity (p = 0.0001). Exposure to health-related and economic factors were more consistently associated with elevated PS in all ethnicities and ages, while social factors and health behaviors were less strongly or not at all associated with PS in most groups. Significant differences in the relationship of high PS by age and ethnicity were observed among men who are medically uninsured (p = 0.0002), reported missing a meal due to cost (p < 0.0001), or had spent a night in the hospital (p = 0.020). In contrast, not filling a prescription due to cost and diagnosed with a mental health condition were associated with high PS but did not differ by age and ethnicity subgroup.
These data suggest that some, but not all, factors associated with high PS differ by age and/or ethnicity. Research, clinical, or public health initiatives that involve social stressors should consider differences by age and ethnicity.
感知压力（PS）是多种疾病的危险因素。然而，对于男性中 PS 的潜在预测因素在年龄或种族方面的影响，人们知之甚少。
我们使用宾夕法尼亚州东南部的一项基于人群的调查，对 6773 名白人、1681 名黑人、617 名西班牙裔男性进行了调查，以评估报告的 PS 与财务安全、健康状况、社会因素和健康行为之间的关系。使用调整了总体健康状况、教育和家庭贫困的逻辑回归模型来测试年龄和种族之间的交互作用。
高 PS 随年龄显著下降（p<0.0001），且存在种族差异（p=0.0001）。健康相关和经济因素的暴露与所有种族和年龄段的 PS 升高更密切相关，而社会因素和健康行为在大多数群体中与 PS 的相关性较弱或根本没有相关性。在没有医疗保险、因费用而错过一餐（p<0.0001）或住院过夜（p=0.020）的男性中，高 PS 的年龄和种族相关性存在显著差异。相比之下，因费用而未开处方和被诊断患有心理健康疾病与 PS 升高有关，但与年龄和种族亚组无关。
这些数据表明，与 PS 升高相关的一些因素（但不是全部）因年龄和/或种族而异。涉及社会压力源的研究、临床或公共卫生计划应考虑年龄和种族差异。
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