Pediatric Clinic 1, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013 Aug;32(8):971-6. doi: 10.1007/s10096-013-1840-x. Epub 2013 Feb 14.
Millions of people throughout the world are bitten by animals each year. About 90 % of the bites are caused by dogs and cats, and infections are the most common complications. As children are the most frequently bitten subjects, pediatricians should provide parents with everything they need to know in order to confront the problem. However, this does not seem to be case and, as the treatment of bite wounds is frequently inappropriate and delayed, the risk of acute infection and sequelae is increased. The main aim of this review is to discuss the epidemiology, microbiology, and clinical characteristics of infections due to dog and cat bites in children, and suggest the best approach to their management. Analysis of the published literature shows that prompt treatment is necessary in order to reduce the risk of infection. The therapeutic measures include wound washing, specific prophylaxis (i.e., tetanus and/or rabies), and antibiotics in the case of immunocompromised patients or deep wounds (particularly if there is evidence of edema or crushing), facial bites, or any wound over a tendon or bone.
全世界每年有数百万人被动物咬伤。约 90%的咬伤是由狗和猫引起的，感染是最常见的并发症。由于儿童是最常被咬伤的人群，儿科医生应该为父母提供他们需要了解的一切，以应对这个问题。然而，事实似乎并非如此，由于咬伤伤口的处理常常不恰当且延迟，急性感染和后遗症的风险增加了。本综述的主要目的是讨论儿童因狗和猫咬伤引起的感染的流行病学、微生物学和临床特征，并提出处理这些感染的最佳方法。对已发表文献的分析表明，及时治疗对于降低感染风险是必要的。治疗措施包括伤口清洗、特定预防措施（即破伤风和/或狂犬病），以及在免疫功能低下患者或深伤口（特别是有水肿或压碎迹象时）、面部咬伤或任何肌腱或骨骼上方的伤口时使用抗生素。
