School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, 101 Tokodate, Kaizu-cho, Toyota-shi, Aichi 470-0393, Japan.
Percept Mot Skills. 2012 Dec;115(3):969-83. doi: 10.2466/30.22.23.PMS.115.6.969-983.
The main aim of the present study was to examine how a goalkeeper's response-initiation time influences the accuracy of the response to a soccer penalty kick. The participants were 24 university male students in two groups: 12 experienced soccer goalkeepers, and 12 experienced soccer field players. They were required to watch videos made by three different kickers preparing a penalty kick, then 12 ensuing moments, occluded 467 msec. before impact of the kicker's foot with the ball to 267 msec. after impact. There were three different kicks (instep, front of foot, inside of foot) directed at three different possible positions within the goal (left, right, center). As a response, participants were required to move their body to intercept the oncoming ball. Results showed that neither the goalkeepers' group nor the field players' group could use the advance visual cues to anticipate the direction of the ball when they initiated a response before the moment of impact during the penalty kick, but all groups were successful when the response was initiated after impact. The goalkeepers' group had a significantly faster response-initiation time than the field players' group. It was inferred that the goalkeepers were more likely to adopt a strategy of relying on situational probabilities in situations where the speed of response is critical.
本研究的主要目的是探讨守门员的反应启动时间如何影响对足球点球的反应准确性。参与者为两组 24 名男性大学生：12 名有经验的足球守门员和 12 名有经验的足球场上球员。他们被要求观看由三名不同的踢球者准备点球的视频，然后观看接下来的 12 个时刻，在踢球者的脚与球接触前 467 毫秒到接触后 267 毫秒之间进行遮挡。有三种不同的踢法（脚背、正脚面、脚内侧），分别指向球门内的三个不同的可能位置（左、右、中）。作为一种反应，参与者需要移动身体来拦截迎面而来的球。结果表明，无论是守门员组还是场上球员组，在点球开始前的冲击时刻之前启动反应时，都无法利用提前的视觉线索来预测球的方向，但在冲击之后启动反应时，所有组都成功了。守门员组的反应启动时间明显快于场上球员组。这表明守门员在反应速度至关重要的情况下，更有可能采取依赖情境概率的策略。
