Savelsbergh Geert J P, Van der Kamp John, Williams A Mark, Ward Paul
Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ergonomics. 2005;48(11-14):1686-97. doi: 10.1080/00140130500101346.
A novel methodological approach is presented to examine the visual search behaviours employed by expert goalkeepers during simulated penalty kick situations in soccer. Expert soccer goalkeepers were classified as successful or unsuccessful based on their performance on a film-based test of anticipation skill, thereby allowing an intra-group comparison of visual search behaviour on the task. The anticipation test required participants to move a joystick in response to penalty kick situations presented on a large screen. The proportion of penalties saved was assessed as well as the frequency and time of initiation of joystick corrections. Visual search behaviour was examined using a portable eye movement registration system. The successful experts were more accurate in predicting the height and direction of the penalty kick, waited longer before initiating a response and appeared to spend longer periods of time fixating on the non-kicking leg compared with the non-successful experts.
本文提出了一种新颖的方法，用于研究在足球模拟点球情况下，专家级守门员所采用的视觉搜索行为。根据专家级足球守门员在基于影片的预判技能测试中的表现，将其分为成功组和非成功组，从而能够对任务中的视觉搜索行为进行组内比较。预判测试要求参与者根据大屏幕上呈现的点球情况移动操纵杆。评估了扑出点球的比例以及操纵杆校正启动的频率和时间。使用便携式眼动记录系统检查视觉搜索行为。与非成功组专家相比，成功组专家在预测点球的高度和方向方面更准确，在做出反应前等待时间更长，并且似乎在注视非踢球腿上花费的时间更长。
