Savelsbergh Geert J P, Williams A Mark, Van der Kamp John, Ward Paul
Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Sports Sci. 2002 Mar;20(3):279-87. doi: 10.1080/026404102317284826.
We used a novel methodological approach to examine skill-based differences in anticipation and visual search behaviour during the penalty kick in soccer. Expert and novice goalkeepers were required to move a joystick in response to penalty kicks presented on film. The proportion of penalties saved was assessed, as well as the frequency and time of initiation of joystick corrections. Visual search behaviour was examined using an eye movement registration system. Expert goalkeepers were generally more accurate in predicting the direction of the penalty kick, waited longer before initiating a response and made fewer corrective movements with the joystick. The expert goalkeepers used a more efficient search strategy involving fewer fixations of longer duration to less disparate areas of the display. The novices spent longer fixating on the trunk, arms and hips, whereas the experts found the kicking leg, non-kicking leg and ball areas to be more informative, particularly as the moment of foot-ball contact approached. No differences in visual search behaviour were observed between successful and unsuccessful penalties. The results have implications for improving anticipation skill at penalty kicks.
我们采用了一种新颖的方法来研究足球点球时基于技能的预判和视觉搜索行为差异。要求专业和新手守门员根据影片中呈现的点球移动操纵杆。评估了扑出点球的比例，以及操纵杆校正的频率和启动时间。使用眼动记录系统检查视觉搜索行为。专业守门员在预测点球方向方面通常更准确，在做出反应前等待时间更长，并且使用操纵杆进行的校正动作更少。专业守门员使用了一种更有效的搜索策略，即对显示画面中差异较小的区域进行更少次数、持续时间更长的注视。新手花费更长时间注视躯干、手臂和臀部，而专家发现踢腿、非踢腿和球的区域信息更丰富，尤其是在足球接触瞬间临近时。成功和未成功的点球之间未观察到视觉搜索行为的差异。这些结果对提高点球时的预判技能具有启示意义。
