美国因酒精导致的癌症死亡人数和潜在寿命损失年数。
Alcohol-attributable cancer deaths and years of potential life lost in the United States.
机构信息
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7105, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2013 Apr;103(4):641-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301199. Epub 2013 Feb 14.
OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to provide current estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in the United States.
METHODS
We used 2 methods to calculate population-attributable fractions. We based relative risks on meta-analyses published since 2000, and adult alcohol consumption on data from the 2009 Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2009-2010 National Alcohol Survey.
RESULTS
Alcohol consumption resulted in an estimated 18,200 to 21,300 cancer deaths, or 3.2% to 3.7% of all US cancer deaths. The majority of alcohol-attributable female cancer deaths were from breast cancer (56% to 66%), whereas upper airway and esophageal cancer deaths were more common among men (53% to 71%). Alcohol-attributable cancers resulted in 17.0 to 19.1 YPLL for each death. Daily consumption of up to 20 grams of alcohol (≤ 1.5 drinks) accounted for 26% to 35% of alcohol-attributable cancer deaths.
CONCLUSIONS
Alcohol remains a major contributor to cancer mortality and YPLL. Higher consumption increases risk but there is no safe threshold for alcohol and cancer risk. Reducing alcohol consumption is an important and underemphasized cancer prevention strategy.
目的
我们的目标是提供美国当前因酒精导致的癌症死亡人数和潜在寿命损失年数（YPLL）的估计值。
方法
我们使用了两种方法来计算人群归因分数。我们基于 2000 年后发表的荟萃分析来计算相对风险，而成年人的酒精摄入量则基于 2009 年酒精流行病学数据系统、2009 年行为危险因素监测系统和 2009-2010 年全国酒精调查的数据。
结果
酒精消费导致约 18200 至 21300 例癌症死亡，占美国所有癌症死亡人数的 3.2%至 3.7%。大多数因酒精导致的女性癌症死亡是由乳腺癌引起的（56%至 66%），而上呼吸道和食管癌死亡在男性中更为常见（53%至 71%）。每例因酒精导致的癌症死亡导致 17.0 至 19.1 年的 YPLL。每天摄入多达 20 克的酒精（≤ 1.5 杯）占因酒精导致的癌症死亡人数的 26%至 35%。
结论
酒精仍然是癌症死亡和 YPLL 的主要原因。较高的摄入量会增加风险，但酒精与癌症风险之间没有安全阈值。减少酒精摄入量是一项重要且被低估的癌症预防策略。
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