Rodríguez María Magdalena, Bisset Juan A, Ricardo Yanelys, Pérez Omayda, Montada Domingo, Figueredo Daisy, Fuentes Ilario
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2010 Sep-Dec;62(3):217-23.
resistance to organophosphorus insecticides was diagnosed in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from Santiago de Cuba in 1997 and some of them are still used up to date; hence the need of ascertaining how the insecticidal resistance has changed in recent times, particularly in 2009.
to evaluate the resistance to organophosporus insecticides in larvae from Santiago de Cuba collected in 2009, and its variation in comparison with that observed in 1997; and to determine the frequency of occurrence of resistance mechanisms on the basis of high esterase activity and its classification.
resistance to organophosphorus insecticides such as malathion, pirimiphos, methyl, phenitrotion, phention, temephos and clorpiriphos in larvae by using the WHO recommended methodology. The esterase mechanism was identified through biochemical assays and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
larvae from the Santiago de Cuba strain were susceptible to malathion, pirimiphos, methyl and phenitrothion; there was no variation with the results achieved in a Santiago de Cuba strain in 1997, moderate resistance to phenthion and high resistance to temephos and chlorpiriphos were observed. When comparing these results with those of 1997, it was noted that resistance to the three insecticides increased in the 1997-2009 period. In the Santiago de Cuba strain 2009, it was shown that esterase activity was very high at a rate of 0.7. The presence of an amplified type B esterase with relative mobility of 0.95 cm was detected, which did not exist in the reference strain.
resistance to insecticides and its mechanisms are highly variable, even in the same species subjected to various intensities in the insecticidal use, therefore, it is necessary to constantly monitor both aspects at local level in the course of time, with a view to an effective vector control program.
1997年在古巴圣地亚哥的埃及伊蚊（Linnaeus，1762）中诊断出对有机磷杀虫剂产生抗性，其中一些至今仍在使用；因此需要确定近年来，特别是2009年，杀虫剂抗性是如何变化的。
评估2009年在古巴圣地亚哥采集的幼虫对有机磷杀虫剂的抗性及其与1997年观察到的抗性的差异；并根据高酯酶活性及其分类确定抗性机制的发生频率。
采用世界卫生组织推荐的方法，检测幼虫对马拉硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷、杀螟硫磷、对硫磷、倍硫磷、双硫磷和毒死蜱等有机磷杀虫剂的抗性。通过生化分析和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定酯酶机制。
古巴圣地亚哥品系的幼虫对马拉硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷和对硫磷敏感；与1997年古巴圣地亚哥品系的结果相比没有变化，观察到对倍硫磷有中度抗性，对双硫磷和毒死蜱有高抗性。将这些结果与1997年的结果进行比较时，发现1997 - 2009年期间对这三种杀虫剂的抗性增加。在2009年的古巴圣地亚哥品系中，酯酶活性以0.7的速率非常高。检测到相对迁移率为0.95 cm的扩增型B酯酶的存在，而参考品系中不存在这种酯酶。
即使在同一物种中，由于杀虫剂使用强度不同，对杀虫剂的抗性及其机制也有很大差异，因此，为了实施有效的病媒控制计划，有必要在当地持续监测这两个方面。
