Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Injury. 2013 Dec;44 Suppl 4:S38-44. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(13)70211-0.
Viet Nam is experiencing a shift in its burden of disease profile with injuries becoming more prominent. A history of high alcohol involvement in road traffic crashes despite stringent laws led to increased enforcement by police, enhanced public education messaging and targeted social marketing campaigns in Ha Nam and Ninh Binh provinces in Viet Nam. This study aims to illustrate the changes in prevalence (November 2010 to December 2011) and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) around alcohol use and drink-driving for the year 2011.
Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC) was collected through police enforcement checkpoints in the two provinces. The proportion of drivers with BrAC above the legal limit was plotted over time for both provinces. The trend in prevalence of drink-driving over time was further assessed using Poisson regression models. Prevailing KAPs were determined through surveying randomly selected road users over the age of 17 years at gas stations at quarterly intervals. Cross tabulations of key variables as well Chi-Square statistic were used to assess associations.
A total of 8,404 drivers were tested for BrAC levels of which less than 0.25% were female. Of 1,639 drivers displaying BrAC levels in excess of the legal limit, 87.3% were car drivers, 7.9% motorcyclists and 86% were between the ages of 25 and 44 years. KAP surveys captured 1,661 drivers over the study period. The prevalence of self-reported drink-driving increased 6 percentage points among respondents aged 27-36. Between 44% (January 2011) and 49% (December 2011) of respondents indicated awareness of a drinking and driving Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) or BrAC limit and only 25% of all study participants recalled being penalized for a traffic violation - none of which were for drink-driving.
While there has been some reduction in drink-driving prevalence, inadequate or incorrect knowledge on drink-driving legislation appears to be an impediment to greater gains. Increased attention needs to be paid to enforcement activities and social marketing campaigns need to be part of a multi-faceted programme that also works on improving existing legislation, takes into consideration gender issues, and enhances visible enforcement of the laws.
越南的疾病负担模式正在发生转变，伤害变得更加突出。尽管有严格的法律规定，但由于酒精在道路交通事故中的高参与度，导致河內省和寧平省的警察加强执法力度，增强公众教育信息传递，并开展有针对性的社会营销活动。本研究旨在说明 2011 年酒精使用和酒后驾车的流行率（2010 年 11 月至 12 月）和知识、态度和行为（KAP）的变化。
通过在两省的警察执法检查站收集呼气酒精浓度（BrAC）。将两省超过法定限制的司机比例随时间绘制。进一步使用泊松回归模型评估随时间推移酒后驾车的流行率趋势。通过在加油站每季度随机选择 17 岁以上的道路使用者进行调查，确定当前的 KAP。对关键变量进行交叉表和卡方检验，以评估关联。
共有 8404 名司机接受了 BrAC 检测，其中女性司机不到 0.25%。在 1639 名显示 BrAC 水平超过法定限制的司机中，87.3%是汽车司机，7.9%是摩托车司机，86%的司机年龄在 25 至 44 岁之间。KAP 调查在研究期间共捕获了 1661 名司机。在 27-36 岁的受访者中，自我报告的酒后驾车比例增加了 6 个百分点。44%（2011 年 1 月）至 49%（2011 年 12 月）的受访者表示了解酒后驾车的血液酒精浓度（BAC）或 BrAC 限制，只有 25%的所有研究参与者记得因交通违法行为受到处罚——没有一个是因为酒后驾车。
尽管酒后驾车的流行率有所下降，但对酒后驾车法规的了解不足或不正确似乎是取得更大进展的障碍。需要更加关注执法活动，社会营销活动需要成为多方面计划的一部分，该计划还需要改善现有立法，考虑性别问题，并加强法律的明显执行。
