Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Can J Psychiatry. 2013 Feb;58(2):93-8. doi: 10.1177/070674371305800206.
We reviewed novel brain stimulation approaches that modify neuroplasticity and are used in the treatment and study of schizophrenia. We searched PubMed and Scholars Portal using search terms related to schizophrenia, brain stimulation, and neuroplasticity. Various brain stimulation approaches simulating a range of experimental protocols that induce synaptic long-term potentiation or depression have been developed. By far, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been the most widely used in the field of schizophrenia. Its application has been associated with mixed results in treating treatment-resistant symptoms and cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Compared to the other approaches, rTMS is probably the least similar to plasticity-inducing cellular paradigms. Other approaches, such as paired associative stimulation, theta-burst stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation, are in their incipient stages in the study and treatment of schizophrenia, with promising early results. Numerous brain stimulation approaches have been developed to treat resistant dimensions of schizophrenia. Notwithstanding some promising reports, optimization of the methods and large randomized controlled trials are still needed.
我们回顾了一些新颖的脑刺激方法，这些方法可以改变神经可塑性，并用于治疗和研究精神分裂症。我们使用与精神分裂症、脑刺激和神经可塑性相关的搜索词在 PubMed 和 Scholars Portal 上进行了搜索。已经开发出了各种模拟诱导突触长时程增强或长时程抑制的实验方案的脑刺激方法。到目前为止，重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)在精神分裂症领域的应用最为广泛。它在治疗与精神分裂症相关的治疗抵抗症状和认知缺陷方面的应用结果喜忧参半。与其他方法相比，rTMS 可能与诱导细胞范式的相似性最小。其他方法，如配对关联刺激、θ爆发刺激和经颅直流电刺激，在精神分裂症的研究和治疗中处于初期阶段，早期结果有很大希望。已经开发出许多脑刺激方法来治疗精神分裂症的抵抗维度。尽管有一些有希望的报告，但仍需要对方法进行优化，并进行大型随机对照试验。
