Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2013 Mar;5(2):68-74. doi: 10.4168/aair.2013.5.2.68. Epub 2012 Oct 24.
Hypersensitivity to house dust mite (HDM; Dermatophagoides sp.) allergens is one of the most common allergic responses, affecting up to 85% of asthmatics. Sensitization to indoor allergens is the strongest independent risk factor associated with asthma. Additionally, >50% of children and adolescents with asthma are sensitized to HDM. Although allergen-specific CD4(+) Th2 cells orchestrate the HDM allergic response through induction of IgE directed toward mite allergens, activation of innate immunity also plays a critical role in HDM-induced allergic inflammation. This review highlights the HDM components that lead to activation of the innate immune response. Activation may due to HDM proteases. Proteases may be recognized by protease-activation receptors (PARs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), or C-type lectin receptors (CTRs), or act as a molecular mimic for PAMP activation signaling pathways. Understanding the role of mite allergen-induced innate immunity will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies that exploit innate immunity receptors and associated signaling pathways for the treatment of allergic asthma.
对屋尘螨（HDM；粉尘螨）过敏原的过敏反应是最常见的过敏反应之一，多达 85%的哮喘患者会受到影响。对室内过敏原的致敏是与哮喘最相关的独立危险因素。此外，>50%的哮喘儿童和青少年对 HDM 过敏。虽然过敏原特异性 CD4(+)Th2 细胞通过诱导针对螨过敏原的 IgE 来调节 HDM 过敏反应，但固有免疫的激活也在 HDM 诱导的过敏炎症中发挥关键作用。这篇综述强调了导致固有免疫反应激活的 HDM 成分。激活可能是由于 HDM 蛋白酶。蛋白酶可能被蛋白酶激活受体（PARs）、Toll 样受体（TLRs）或 C 型凝集素受体（CTRs）识别，或者作为 PAMP 激活信号通路的分子模拟物。了解螨过敏原诱导的固有免疫的作用将有助于开发治疗策略，利用固有免疫受体和相关信号通路治疗过敏性哮喘。
