Dairy Research Institute, Rosemont, Illinois 60018-5616, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2013 Mar;71(3):149-57. doi: 10.1111/nure.12017.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 indicated there is moderate evidence for an association between the consumption of dairy foods and lower blood pressure in adults; however, it also stated that more evidence was needed, especially in clinical trials, to fully delineate a causal relationship. The purpose of this review is to provide background by examining the historical literature and the evidence reviewed by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, to examine the gaps in knowledge indicated by that committee, and to determine if recently published evidence is sufficient to elucidate or dismiss an association between dairy foods and blood pressure maintenance. Examination of the newly published literature, together with evaluation of the evidence as a whole, shows that the preponderance of evidence indicates dairy foods are beneficially associated with blood pressure; however, additional research is necessary to identify the mechanism of action of dairy foods. New evidence should come from carefully designed clinical trials that examine not only blood pressure outcomes but also the ability of dairy foods to affect the vasculature.
《美国人膳食指南，2010》指出，有中等强度的证据表明成年人摄入乳制品与血压降低之间存在关联；然而，该指南也指出，需要更多的证据，特别是临床试验方面的证据，以充分阐明因果关系。本综述的目的是通过检查历史文献和 2010 年膳食指南咨询委员会审查的证据，提供背景信息，检查该委员会指出的知识空白，并确定最近发表的证据是否足以阐明或排除乳制品与血压维持之间的关联。对新发表文献的检查，以及对整个证据的评估表明，大多数证据表明乳制品与血压有益相关；然而，还需要进一步的研究来确定乳制品作用的机制。新的证据应该来自精心设计的临床试验，不仅要检查血压结果，还要检查乳制品影响血管的能力。
