Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2013 Mar;71(3):158-67. doi: 10.1111/nure.12018. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. GDM can be responsible for an important proportion of adverse fetal and maternal outcomes during pregnancy, and it is associated with long-term health deterioration for both mother and child. Therefore, it is important to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for GDM. Accumulating evidence links vitamin D deficiency with abnormal glucose metabolism, and epidemiological studies have shown that women who develop GDM are more likely to be vitamin D deficient. This review discusses the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of GDM and vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women, outlines the possible mechanism of action of vitamin D in glucose homeostasis, and summarizes emerging evidence that associates vitamin D deficiency with the risk of developing GDM. This critical review of the literature indicates there is a need for intervention trials to test the possible beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with low vitamin D status to reduce the risk of developing GDM.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。GDM 可导致妊娠期间胎儿和产妇不良结局的重要比例增加，并且与母婴双方的长期健康恶化有关。因此，识别 GDM 的潜在可改变的危险因素非常重要。越来越多的证据表明维生素 D 缺乏与异常葡萄糖代谢有关，并且流行病学研究表明，发生 GDM 的女性更可能缺乏维生素 D。本综述讨论了孕妇中 GDM 和维生素 D 缺乏的流行率、危险因素和结局，概述了维生素 D 在葡萄糖稳态中可能的作用机制，并总结了将维生素 D 缺乏与 GDM 发病风险相关联的新出现的证据。对文献的批判性回顾表明，需要进行干预试验来测试在维生素 D 状态较低的孕妇中补充维生素 D 可能带来的有益效果，以降低发生 GDM 的风险。
