USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Dec;23(6):422-6. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0b013e32834cb791.
To consider evidence from recent studies linking maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy with maternal, fetal, and postnatal outcomes.
Several studies have demonstrated an association between poor maternal vitamin D status and severe preeclampsia, though results are inconsistent and cannot be generalized to nonsevere preeclampsia. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and periodontal disease had lower vitamin D status at mid-gestation or delivery compared with controls. Maternal vitamin D status early in pregnancy was associated with risk of low birth weight and small-for-gestational age infants in one study, whereas another study found this relation only among white women. Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene may contribute to vitamin D-related disparities in fetal growth. Evidence from recent studies suggests an early prenatal influence of maternal vitamin D status on fetal skeletal development, with lasting postnatal effects. Cord blood vitamin D status was associated with tolerogenic immune regulation and fewer respiratory infections in the newborn.
Recent evidence supports a role of maternal vitamin D status, particularly early in pregnancy, in modulating the risk of pregnancy complications and in sustaining fetal growth, bone development, and immune maturation.
探讨近期研究中孕妇维生素 D 状态与母婴及产后结局之间关联的证据。
多项研究表明，母体维生素 D 状态不良与重度子痫前期之间存在关联，但结果并不一致，无法推广至非重度子痫前期。患有妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症和牙周病的孕妇在妊娠中期或分娩时的维生素 D 状态较对照组低。一项研究表明，孕妇妊娠早期的维生素 D 状态与低出生体重和小于胎龄儿的风险相关，而另一项研究仅发现这种关系存在于白人妇女中。维生素 D 受体基因的多态性可能导致胎儿生长的维生素 D 相关差异。近期研究证据表明，母体维生素 D 状态在妊娠早期对胎儿骨骼发育有早期产前影响，并产生持久的产后效应。脐血维生素 D 状态与新生儿的耐受免疫调节和呼吸道感染减少有关。
近期证据支持母体维生素 D 状态（尤其是妊娠早期）在调节妊娠并发症风险和维持胎儿生长、骨骼发育和免疫成熟方面的作用。
