Pilon Antoine, Poüs Christian
Dynamique des microtubules en physiopathologie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
Med Sci (Paris). 2013 Feb;29(2):194-9. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2013292018. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
Cytoplasm organization greatly depends on the cytoskeleton and especially on microtubules. Their multiple roles comprise for instance long-distance vesicular traffic or the organization of several signalling pathways. A variety of cellular functions require highly dynamic microtubules, which alternate between growing and shrinking phases. Meanwhile, other functions use stable microtubules, in which tubulin often bears multiple post-translational modifications like acetylation. Recent progress has been made in understanding some molecular mechanisms that control microtubule dynamics or tubulin acetylation. These mechanisms reveal the high plasticity of microtubules and point out the importance of their compartmentalization at structural and functional levels.
细胞质的组织很大程度上依赖于细胞骨架，尤其是微管。它们的多种作用包括例如长距离囊泡运输或几种信号通路的组织。多种细胞功能需要高度动态的微管，微管在生长和收缩阶段之间交替。与此同时，其他功能使用稳定的微管，其中微管蛋白通常带有多种翻译后修饰，如乙酰化。在理解控制微管动力学或微管蛋白乙酰化的一些分子机制方面已经取得了进展。这些机制揭示了微管的高度可塑性，并指出了它们在结构和功能水平上进行区室化的重要性。
