Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56608. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056608. Epub 2013 Feb 15.
Norovirus (NoV), sapovirus (SaV) and human astrovirus (HAstV) are viral pathogens that are associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis. However, little is known about the occurrence of these pathogens in relatively isolated communities, such as the remnants of African-descendant villages ("Quilombola"). The objective of this study was the frequency determination of these viruses in children under 10 years, with and without gastroenteritis, from a "Quilombola" Community, Northern Brazil. A total of 159 stool samples were obtained from April/2008 to July/2010 and tested by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect NoV, SaV and HAstV, and further molecular characterization was performed. These viruses were detected only in the diarrheic group. NoV was the most frequent viral agent detected (19.7%-16/81), followed by SaV (2.5%-2/81) and HAstV (1.2%-1/81). Of the 16 NoV-positive samples, 14 were sequenced with primers targeting the B region of the polymerase (ORF1) and the D region of the capsid (ORF2). The results showed a broad genetic diversity of NoV, with 12 strains being classified as GII-4 (5-41.7%), GII-6 (3-25%), GII-7 (2-16.7%), GII-17 (1-8.3%) and GI-2 (1-8.3%), as based on the polymerase region; 12 samples were classified, based on the capsid region, as GII-4 (6-50%, being 3-2006b variant and 3-2010 variant), GII-6 (3-25%), GII-17 (2-16.7%) and GII-20 (1-8.3%). One NoV-strain showed dual genotype specificity, based on the polymerase and capsid region (GII-7/GII-20). This study provides, for the first time, epidemiological and molecular information on the circulation of NoV, SaV and HAstV in African-descendant communities in Northern Brazil and identifies NoV genotypes that were different from those detected previously in studies conducted in the urban area of Belém. It remains to be determined why a broader NoV diversity was observed in such a semi-isolated community.
诺如病毒（NoV）、星状病毒（SaV）和人类星状病毒（HAstV）是与胃肠炎暴发和散发病例相关的病毒病原体。然而，对于这些病原体在相对隔离的社区（如非洲裔村落的残余社区“ quilombola”）中的发生情况知之甚少。本研究的目的是确定巴西北部一个“ quilombola”社区中 10 岁以下儿童中有无胃肠炎的这些病毒的发生频率。2008 年 4 月至 2010 年 7 月共采集 159 份粪便样本，采用酶免疫测定（EIA）和逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测 NoV、SaV 和 HAstV，并进一步进行分子特征分析。这些病毒仅在腹泻组中检出。最常见的病毒病原体是 NoV（19.7%-16/81），其次是 SaV（2.5%-2/81）和 HAstV（1.2%-1/81）。16 份 NoV 阳性样本中，有 14 份用针对聚合酶（ORF1）B 区和衣壳（ORF2）D 区的引物进行了测序。结果显示，NoV 具有广泛的遗传多样性，12 株被归类为 GII-4（5-41.7%）、GII-6（3-25%）、GII-7（2-16.7%）、GII-17（1-8.3%）和 GI-2（1-8.3%），基于聚合酶区；根据衣壳区，12 个样本被分类为 GII-4（6-50%，包括 3-2006b 变体和 3-2010 变体）、GII-6（3-25%）、GII-17（2-16.7%）和 GII-20（1-8.3%）。一种 NoV 株基于聚合酶和衣壳区（GII-7/GII-20）表现出双重基因型特异性。本研究首次提供了巴西北部非洲裔社区中 NoV、SaV 和 HAstV 流行和分子信息，并确定了与以前在贝伦市区研究中检测到的不同的 NoV 基因型。仍需确定为什么在如此半隔离的社区中观察到更广泛的 NoV 多样性。
