Alhabdan Sultan, Zamakhshary Mohammed, AlNaimi Manal, Mandora Hala, Alhamdan Manal, Al-Bedah Khalid, Al-Enazi Salem, Al-Habib Amro
King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ann Saudi Med. 2013 Jan-Feb;33(1):52-6. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2013.52.
Injury to the head is the most common affected body part in pediatric trauma and could be associated with deleterious consequences. It presents a challenge for developing countries since many injuries are preventable and there are few epidemiological data to support injury prevention programs. The current study aimed to determine demographic characteristics, etiology and outcome of head injury in the pediatric population and compare findings to international figures.
Retrospective review of consecutive cases registered in major trauma center database, Riyadh, from 2001 to 2009.
The database registry was limited to hospitalized patients following injury. Any head injury in a patient ≤18 years was included.
Of 3796 patients identified, 1219 patients (32.1%) suffered head injury (mean age 8.6 years; males 78.4%). Children under 12 years comprised 66.3%. Motor vehicle crash (MVC) was the commonest cause (34.2%), followed by pedestrian injury (30.3%) and falls (28.4%). When stratified by age, falls (45.6%) were the most common etiology under 6 years while MVC was the leading cause in high school students (74.4%). The latter group had the lowest mean (SD) Glascow coma scale scores ( 8.58 [4.7]), highest mean injury severity scale scores (23.4 [21]), highest rate of craniotomy (7%) and highest mortality (20%).
One third of pediatric trauma requiring hospital admission suffered head injury. Preschoolers and elementary school students were mostly affected. The striking incidence of pedestrian and fall injuries call for organized national prevention programs. Additionally, more attention should be directed to reduce MVC among high school students given their comparative high rate of severe injuries and deaths following trauma.
头部损伤是儿童创伤中最常受影响的身体部位，可能会带来有害后果。这对发展中国家构成了挑战，因为许多损伤是可以预防的，而且几乎没有流行病学数据来支持损伤预防项目。本研究旨在确定儿童人群头部损伤的人口统计学特征、病因及预后，并将研究结果与国际数据进行比较。
对2001年至2009年利雅得主要创伤中心数据库中登记的连续病例进行回顾性研究。
数据库登记仅限于受伤后住院的患者。纳入所有年龄≤18岁的头部损伤患者。
在3796名被确定的患者中，1219名患者（32.1%）遭受头部损伤（平均年龄8.6岁；男性占78.4%）。12岁以下儿童占66.3%。机动车碰撞（MVC）是最常见的原因（34.2%），其次是行人受伤（30.3%）和跌倒（28.4%）。按年龄分层时，跌倒（45.6%）是6岁以下儿童最常见的病因，而MVC是高中生的主要病因（74.4%）。后一组的平均（标准差）格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分最低（8.58 [4.7]），平均损伤严重程度评分最高（23.4 [21]），开颅手术率最高（7%），死亡率最高（20%）。
三分之一需要住院治疗的儿童创伤患者遭受头部损伤。学龄前儿童和小学生受影响最大。行人受伤和跌倒的惊人发生率需要有组织的全国预防项目。此外，鉴于高中生创伤后重伤和死亡的比例相对较高，应更加关注减少他们中的机动车碰撞事故。
