Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Parasitol Res. 2013 Jun;112(6):2397-402. doi: 10.1007/s00436-013-3346-y. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
The northeastern region of Thailand has long been known as an endemic area of the human liver fluke infection which is caused by Opisthorchis viverrini. Humans are infected by ingestion of uncooked cyprinoid fish in traditional dishes such as "koi-pla," "pla-som," "pla-jom," and "pla-ra." To date, the prevalence of this parasite infection remains high because of cultural behavior and local beliefs. The popular misunderstanding among people in this area is that alcohol, lemon juice, and fish sauce can kill the parasites. Thus, they believe that they can eat raw fish without the risk of infection. This study attempts to clarify the effects of ethyl alcohol and acidosis-alkalosis on O. viverrini metacercariae excystation. Metacercariae of O. viverrini were obtained from infected cyprinoid fish in a natural reservoir. Most metacercariae were obtained from small cyprinoid fish. Metacercariae were divided into three experimental groups and were treated with solutions containing four different concentrations of ethyl alcohol, four different concentrations of salt, and a range of acidic/basic pH. Metacercariae excystation was observed at the assigned times, and the data were then analyzed. Salt had no effect on excystation. Interestingly, the optimal conditions for O. viverrini excystation were pH 9 and 25 % ethyl alcohol. The present study suggests that raw fish should not be eaten while drinking alcohol or when consuming other ingredients with pH 9, because both alcohol and pH 9 could induce O. viverrini metacercariae excystation, leading to the early development of parasites in the hepatobiliary system.
泰国东北部地区一直以来都是肝片形吸虫感染的地方性流行区，肝片形吸虫感染是由华支睾吸虫引起的。人类通过食用生的鲤科鱼而感染，这些鱼通常被用于制作传统菜肴，如“koi-pla”、“pla-som”、“pla-jom”和“pla-ra”。迄今为止，由于文化行为和当地信仰，这种寄生虫感染的流行率仍然很高。该地区的人们普遍存在一种误解，认为酒精、柠檬汁和鱼露可以杀死寄生虫。因此，他们认为可以吃生鱼片而不会有感染的风险。本研究试图阐明乙醇和酸中毒-碱中毒对肝片形吸虫囊蚴孵化的影响。肝片形吸虫的囊蚴是从自然储层中受感染的鲤科鱼中获得的。大多数囊蚴是从小型鲤科鱼中获得的。将囊蚴分为三个实验组，并用含有四种不同浓度乙醇、四种不同浓度盐和一系列酸性/碱性 pH 的溶液进行处理。在指定的时间观察囊蚴孵化，并对数据进行分析。盐对孵化没有影响。有趣的是，肝片形吸虫孵化的最佳条件是 pH 值 9 和 25%的乙醇。本研究表明，在食用生鱼时不应同时饮酒或摄入 pH 值为 9 的其他成分，因为乙醇和 pH 值 9 都可能诱导肝片形吸虫囊蚴孵化，导致寄生虫在肝胆系统中早期发育。
