Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
Intern Emerg Med. 2013 Apr;8 Suppl 1:S23-5. doi: 10.1007/s11739-013-0920-3.
The research of the last decade highlighted the existence of a family of genes activated by cellular stresses that allow the cells to reactivate defense and repair activities regardless of age. The prolonged activation of these genes enhances the organism health and lifespan. Members of this gene family are called sirtuins (SIRT). The founding member of the SIRT protein family, Sir2 is a limiting component of yeast longevity. Many members of this family have been also identified as key longevity regulators in species ranging from yeast to fly. On the other hand, the role of SIRTs in the regulation of mammalian ageing has been questioned. While SIRTs' effects on lifespan are still a matter of scientific debate, the beneficial effects of SIRTs in terms of physical health and quality of aging are widely accepted. Increasing evidence suggests a pivotal role for SIRTs in mediating the adaptive response to physical exercise. The following review summarizes the knowledge so far acquired on sirtuins' role in mediating beneficial effects of physical exercise. In particular, the first paragraph gives an overture on mammalian sirtuins defining their localization, function when possible, and substrates. In the second paragraph, we discuss recent data regarding alteration of sirtuins expression and activity after physical exercise collected by our laboratory and others'.
过去十年的研究强调了一组基因的存在，这些基因受到细胞应激的激活，使细胞能够重新激活防御和修复活动，而不论年龄如何。这些基因的长期激活可以增强机体的健康和寿命。这些基因家族的成员被称为沉默信息调节因子（Sirtuins，SIRTs）。SIRT 蛋白家族的创始成员 Sir2 是酵母寿命的限制因素。该家族的许多成员也被确定为从酵母到苍蝇等物种中关键的长寿调节剂。另一方面，SIRTs 在调节哺乳动物衰老中的作用受到质疑。虽然 SIRTs 对寿命的影响仍然是科学争论的问题，但 SIRTs 在身体健康和衰老质量方面的有益影响已被广泛接受。越来越多的证据表明，SIRTs 在介导对体育锻炼的适应性反应方面起着关键作用。以下综述总结了迄今为止关于 SIRTs 在介导体育锻炼有益作用方面的作用的知识。特别是，第一段概述了哺乳动物 SIRTs，定义了它们的定位、可能的功能和底物。在第二段中，我们讨论了我们实验室和其他实验室收集的关于体育锻炼后 SIRTs 表达和活性改变的最新数据。
