National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control/National Central Cancer Registry, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
Chin J Cancer Res. 2011 Mar;23(1):3-9. doi: 10.1007/s11670-011-0003-9.
To describe the cancer incidence and mortality rates in 2006 and evaluate the cancer burden in China.
Cancer registration data in 2006 from 34 cancer registries were collected, evaluated and pooled to calculate cancer incidence and mortality rates. The data analyses included mortality to incidence ratio (MI), morphological verification percentage (MV%) and proportion of death certification only (DCO%). Cumulative incidence and mortality rates were calculated using crude data, age-standardized data, and specific data for cancer site, age, sex and area (urban or rural).
In 2006, 34 registries with qualified registration data covered a total population of 59,567,322 (46,558,108 in urban areas and 13,009,214 in rural areas). The crude and age-standardized cancer incidence rates were 273.66 per 100,000 and 190.54 per 100,000, respectively. The crude and age-standardized cancer mortality rates were 175.70 per 100,000 and 117.67 per 100,000, respectively. Cancers of lung, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, and breast in female were the five most common forms of cancer in China, which accounted for 58.99% of all new cancer cases. Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death, followed by stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer.
Cancer is still an important public health issue in China with an increasing disease burden. Specifically, the incidence rates for lung cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer were increasing, but those for stomach cancer and esophageal cancer were decreasing. However, age-specific incidence rate remained stable, indicating that the aging population was the major source of the increasing cancer burden.
描述 2006 年癌症发病率和死亡率，并评估中国的癌症负担。
收集 2006 年来自 34 个癌症登记处的癌症登记数据，并进行评估和汇总，以计算癌症发病率和死亡率。数据分析包括死亡率与发病率比（MI）、形态学验证百分比（MV%）和仅死亡证明比例（DCO%）。使用粗数据、年龄标准化数据以及癌症部位、年龄、性别和地区（城市或农村）的特定数据计算累积发病率和死亡率。
2006 年，34 个具有合格登记数据的登记处覆盖了总人口 59567322 人（城市地区 46558108 人，农村地区 13009214 人）。粗发病率和年龄标准化发病率分别为 273.66/100000 和 190.54/100000。粗死亡率和年龄标准化死亡率分别为 175.70/100000 和 117.67/100000。在中国，肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌和直肠癌、肝癌和乳腺癌是最常见的五种癌症，占所有新癌症病例的 58.99%。肺癌是癌症死亡的主要原因，其次是胃癌、肝癌、食管癌和结直肠癌。
癌症仍然是中国一个重要的公共卫生问题，疾病负担不断增加。具体而言，肺癌、结直肠癌和乳腺癌的发病率呈上升趋势，但胃癌和食管癌的发病率呈下降趋势。然而，特定年龄组的发病率保持稳定，表明人口老龄化是癌症负担增加的主要原因。
