Centre of Studies and Research in Traumatic Stress, Post-Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 11, sala 936, Zipcode 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Sep 1;132(1-2):271-6. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.014. Epub 2013 Mar 9.
Studies that have investigated the executive functions (EFs) in crack cocaine-dependence have focused on differences between groups of drug users and non-user controls. In this study, however, we employ a promising additional approach that considers individual differences, such as exposure to childhood neglect that might be related to the degree of cognitive impairment associated with addiction.
We evaluated EFs in crack cocaine-dependent women who have reported a history of childhood physical neglect (CPN) and compared these measures with those of crack cocaine-dependent women who do not reported CPN.
The participants were divided into 2 groups: those with a history of CPN (CPN+) (n=37) and those without a history of CPN (CPN-) (n=48). Cold EFs were assessed with the Stroop Task, the Trail Making Test B, the Verbal Fluency Task, the N-Back Task and the Letter and Number Sequencing task. Hot EFs were assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).
The CPN+ group exhibited lower performance in all of the tasks except the IGT. A multivariate analysis of covariance indicated significant group differences in EFs (F(6,63)=2.51, p=0.030), regardless of craving severity and premorbid IQ.
CPN is associated with cognitive impairments in crack cocaine-dependent women specifically regarding EFs and working memory tasks.
研究已调查了可卡因依赖者的执行功能（EFs），重点是药物使用者和非使用者对照组之间的差异。然而，在这项研究中，我们采用了一种有前途的附加方法，考虑了个体差异，例如童年忽视的暴露程度，这可能与成瘾相关的认知障碍程度有关。
我们评估了报告有童年期身体忽视（CPN）病史的可卡因依赖女性的执行功能，并将这些测量结果与未报告 CPN 的可卡因依赖女性进行了比较。
参与者分为两组：有 CPN 病史组（CPN+）（n=37）和无 CPN 病史组（CPN-）（n=48）。冷执行功能采用 Stroop 任务、Trail Making Test B、言语流畅性任务、N-Back 任务和字母和数字排序任务进行评估。热执行功能采用爱荷华赌博任务（IGT）进行评估。
CPN+组在除 IGT 外的所有任务中的表现均较低。协方差的多元分析表明，EFs 存在显著的组间差异（F（6,63）=2.51，p=0.030），无论渴望严重程度和前期智商如何。
CPN 与可卡因依赖女性的认知障碍有关，特别是在执行功能和工作记忆任务方面。
