Hagel S, Pletz M W, Brunkhorst F M, Seifert H, Kern W V
Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740 Jena.
Internist (Berl). 2013 Apr;54(4):399-407. doi: 10.1007/s00108-012-3185-4.
Bacteremia and sepsis are common problems in clinical practice. Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the blood, hence a microbiological finding. Sepsis is a clinical diagnosis needing further specification regarding focus of infection and etiologic pathogen, whereupon clinicians, epidemiologists and microbiologists apply different definitions and terminology. Knowing these differences is important when reading and interpreting the literature. Studies show a pan-European increase in the rate of bacteremia, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive. Reasons for this are an increase in invasive diagnostics and therapy, going along with increasing age of patients. Bacteremic infections are frequently healthcare related. This article illustrates recent aspects in diagnosis and therapy of sepsis and bacteremia.
菌血症和脓毒症是临床实践中的常见问题。菌血症是指血液中存在细菌，因此这是一项微生物学检查结果。脓毒症是一种临床诊断，需要进一步明确感染部位和病原体，对此临床医生、流行病学家和微生物学家采用不同的定义和术语。在阅读和解读文献时，了解这些差异很重要。研究表明，整个欧洲革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌菌血症的发生率都在上升。原因是侵入性诊断和治疗的增加，以及患者年龄的增长。菌血症感染通常与医疗保健相关。本文阐述了脓毒症和菌血症诊断与治疗方面的最新情况。
