Institute of Sustainability, UPC-, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Edifici H Planta 4ª, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
Environ Monit Assess. 2013 Oct;185(10):7961-78. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3147-x. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
Recent efforts have been made to determine the environmental impact of mining over the past 11 years in the Jequetepeque River basin, in northern Peru. We have now analyzed data from two studies to elucidate the spatial and temporal trace metal distributions and to assess the sources of contamination. These two studies were carried out from 2003 to 2008 by a Peruvian government administration and from 2008 to 2010 by us. We analyzed 249 samples by principal component analysis, measuring: pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chloride, weak-acid-dissociable cyanide, total cyanide, nitrite and nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, and trace metals and metalloids (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Within the spatial distribution of the basin, the highest Al, As, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Pb concentrations were found at the closest point to the mine sites for both periods of time, with the higher peaks measured during the first years of the sampling data. Temporal trends showed higher concentrations of Cu and Fe in samples taken before 2005, at which point the two mines were closed. Risk assessment was quantified by the hazard quotient as related to water ingestion. The risk for human health posed by the concentrations of several trace metals and metalloids was found to be highly adverse (As and Cr), significant (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Pb), or minimal (Ni and Zn).
近年来，人们一直致力于确定秘鲁北部赫特佩克克河盆地过去 11 年来采矿活动对环境的影响。我们现在分析了两项研究的数据，以阐明痕量金属的时空分布，并评估污染来源。这两项研究分别于 2003 年至 2008 年由秘鲁政府部门和 2008 年至 2010 年由我们进行。我们通过主成分分析对 249 个样本进行了分析，测量了：pH 值、电导率、总溶解固体、总悬浮固体、氯化物、弱酸可解离氰化物、总氰化物、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐、铵、硫酸盐以及痕量金属和类金属（Al、As、Ca、Cd、Cu、Cr、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）。在流域的空间分布中，在离矿山最近的地点发现了最高的 Al、As、Cu、Fe、Ni 和 Pb 浓度，这两个时期的峰值都出现在采样数据的最初几年。时间趋势显示，在 2005 年之前采集的样本中 Cu 和 Fe 的浓度更高，当时这两个矿山都已关闭。通过与饮水相关的危害商来量化风险评估。发现几种痕量金属和类金属的浓度对人体健康构成的风险极高（As 和 Cr）、显著（Al、Cd、Cu、Fe 和 Pb）或最小（Ni 和 Zn）。
