Institut de Sostenibilitat, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 May;21(9):5960-71. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2559-7. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
The environmental implications of mining activities are of worldwide concern. An environmental evaluation at the basin level was conducted because of widespread mining in Cajamarca in Northern Peru. A sediment monitoring program was developed at the Jequetepeque basin, located in Cajamarca. A total of 16 sites were monitored at three different times between June 2009 and July 2010, and a total of 42 samples were collected. All samples were analyzed by microwave digestion and by a sequential extraction scheme following the three-stage European Community Bureau of Reference (three-stage BCR) protocol. Trace element mobilization from the sediments to the water column was assessed by the risk assessment code (RAC). Spatial and temporal distribution of trace elements was evaluated by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Cd, Zn, As, and Pb showed the highest concentrations independent of season. Notably, Cu concentration and mobility increased during the wet season for all samples. Additionally, Hg concentration and mobility increased during the wet season near the mine sites. According to the enrichment factor, the highest enrichments of Cd, Zn, Pb, and As were related to mine runoff. The effect of trace elements near the mine sites at the Jequetepeque basin was considered a significant threat to the environment due to Cd, Zn, Pb, and As, and the concentrations of Cu and Hg were also considered a concern. This work establishes a baseline for the environmental quality status of the Jequetepeque basin that may support water quality management in Peru.
采矿活动对环境的影响引起了全世界的关注。由于秘鲁北部卡哈马卡广泛开采，因此在盆地层面进行了环境评估。在卡哈马卡的赫克特佩克盆地制定了沉积物监测计划。2009 年 6 月至 2010 年 7 月期间，在三个不同时间共监测了 16 个地点，共采集了 42 个样本。所有样本均采用微波消解和欧洲共同体参考局（三级 BCR）协议规定的连续提取方案进行分析。通过风险评估代码（RAC）评估了从沉积物向水柱中迁移的微量元素。通过主成分分析和层次聚类分析评估了微量元素的时空分布。Cd、Zn、As 和 Pb 表现出与季节无关的最高浓度。值得注意的是，所有样本的 Cu 浓度和迁移率在雨季增加。此外，在矿区附近，Hg 的浓度和迁移率在雨季增加。根据富集因子，Cd、Zn、Pb 和 As 的最高富集与矿山径流有关。赫克特佩克盆地矿区附近的微量元素对环境的影响被认为是一个重大威胁，因为 Cd、Zn、Pb 和 As 的浓度以及 Cu 和 Hg 的浓度也令人担忧。这项工作为赫克特佩克盆地的环境质量状况建立了一个基准，这可能有助于秘鲁的水质管理。
