Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Neurology. 2013 Mar 12;80(11 Suppl 3):S65-75. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182872e01.
Motor function involves complex physiologic processes and requires the integration of multiple systems, including neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and cardiopulmonary, and neural motor and sensory-perceptual systems. Motor-functional status is indicative of current physical health status, burden of disease, and long-term health outcomes, and is integrally related to daily functioning and quality of life. Given its importance to overall neurologic health and function, motor function was identified as a key domain for inclusion in the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIH Toolbox). We engaged in a 3-stage developmental process to: 1) identify key subdomains and candidate measures for inclusion in the NIH Toolbox, 2) pretest candidate measures for feasibility across the age span of people aged 3 to 85 years, and 3) validate candidate measures against criterion measures in a sample of healthy individuals aged 3 to 85 years (n = 340). Based on extensive literature review and input from content experts, the 5 subdomains of dexterity, strength, balance, locomotion, and endurance were recommended for inclusion in the NIH Toolbox motor battery. Based on our validation testing, valid and reliable measures that are simultaneously low-cost and portable have been recommended to assess each subdomain, including the 9-hole peg board for dexterity, grip dynamometry for upper-extremity strength, standing balance test, 4-m walk test for gait speed, and a 2-minute walk test for endurance.
运动功能涉及复杂的生理过程，需要整合多个系统，包括神经肌肉、骨骼肌肉和心肺以及神经运动和感觉感知系统。运动功能状态是当前身体健康状况、疾病负担和长期健康结果的指标，与日常功能和生活质量密切相关。鉴于其对整体神经健康和功能的重要性，运动功能被确定为纳入 NIH 神经行为功能评估工具包（NIH Toolbox）的关键领域之一。我们进行了 3 个阶段的开发过程，以：1）确定关键的子领域和纳入 NIH Toolbox 的候选指标，2）在 3 至 85 岁人群中对候选指标进行可行性预测试，3）在 3 至 85 岁健康个体的样本中对候选指标进行与标准指标的验证（n=340）。基于广泛的文献回顾和内容专家的意见，建议将灵巧性、力量、平衡、运动和耐力 5 个子领域纳入 NIH Toolbox 运动电池。基于我们的验证测试，推荐了一些同时具有低成本和便携性的有效且可靠的测量方法来评估每个子领域，包括灵巧性的 9 孔钉板、上肢力量的握力测力计、站立平衡测试、步态速度的 4 米步行测试和耐力的 2 分钟步行测试。
