dinburgh Health Services Research Unit, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
J Clin Nurs. 2013 Apr;22(7-8):1140-50. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12185.
To work with parents and public health nurses (health visitors), to identify and design a range of public health interventions to provide support to parents of young children.
In the UK, only vulnerable families are now eligible for pro-active health visiting interventions on an individual family basis beyond the early days. Public health approaches are recommended for the majority of families who are not eligible for one-to-one professional support.
Focus groups were carried out with parents of young children, health visitors and other professionals working with them.
The study was carried out in a semi-rural area of Scotland, consisting of a small town, and the surrounding rural area, including one area of deprivation. The area is served by a team consisting of six health visitors and one health assistant, based in two health centres in the area. Nineteen parents, five members of the health visiting team and 11 other professionals from health, education and social work took part via an invitation to contact the research team.
The needs of parents identified by both parents and professionals could best be met by social support, with skilled facilitation and suitable resources. The resolution of tensions between caseload-based and population-based health visiting, as well as the management of the tensions inherent in these changes, seems to be vital in order to implement these approaches. Many parents would like information made available online.
Services to support families with young children need to be designed from the perspectives of parents and their needs.
Services need to be set up in partnership with parents to provide them with information and access to peer and professional support, using public health approaches. Multiagency working, including among senior managers, may be the most effective way of providing this support.
与家长和公共卫生护士（健康访视员）合作，确定和设计一系列公共卫生干预措施，为幼儿家长提供支持。
在英国，只有弱势家庭才有资格在早期之后获得针对个别家庭的积极健康访视干预。对于大多数没有资格获得一对一专业支持的家庭，建议采取公共卫生方法。
对幼儿家长、健康访视员和其他与之合作的专业人员进行焦点小组讨论。
该研究在苏格兰的一个半农村地区进行，该地区由一个小镇和周围的农村地区组成，包括一个贫困地区。该地区由一个由六名健康访视员和一名健康助理组成的团队提供服务，他们在该地区的两个健康中心工作。19 名家长、健康访视员团队的五名成员和来自健康、教育和社会工作的 11 名其他专业人员通过邀请联系研究团队参与了研究。
家长和专业人员确定的家长需求最好通过社会支持来满足，需要熟练的促进和适当的资源。解决基于病例的和基于人群的健康访视之间的紧张关系，以及管理这些变化所固有的紧张关系，似乎对于实施这些方法至关重要。许多家长希望在线提供信息。
支持有幼儿的家庭的服务需要从家长和他们的需求的角度来设计。
需要与家长合作建立服务，为他们提供信息，并通过公共卫生方法为他们提供同伴和专业支持。包括高级管理人员在内的多机构合作可能是提供这种支持的最有效方式。
