Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:397934. doi: 10.1155/2013/397934. Epub 2013 Jan 15.
The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that solid state fermentation (SSF) of agro-biomass (using rice straw as model); besides, breaking down its lignocellulose content to improve its nutritive values also produces lovastatin which could be used to suppress methanogenesis in the rumen ecosystem. Fermented rice straw (FRS) containing lovastatin after fermentation with Aspergillus terreus was used as substrate for growth study of rumen microorganisms using in vitro gas production method. In the first experiment, the extract from the FRS (FRSE) which contained lovastatin was evaluated for its efficacy for reduction in methane (CH4) production, microbial population, and activity in the rumen fluid. FRSE reduced total gas and CH4 productions (P < 0.01). It also reduced (P < 0.01) total methanogens population and increased the cellulolytic bacteria including Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes (P < 0.01), and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (P < 0.05). Similarly, FRS reduced total gas and CH4 productions, methanogens population, but increased in vitro dry mater digestibility compared to the non-fermented rice straw. Lovastatin in the FRSE and the FRS significantly increased the expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene that produces HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme for cell membrane production in methanogenic Archaea.
利用固态发酵（以稻草为模型）对农业生物质进行发酵，除了分解其木质纤维素含量以提高营养价值外，还可以产生洛伐他汀，用于抑制瘤胃生态系统中的甲烷生成。用土曲霉发酵后的含洛伐他汀的发酵稻草（FRS）被用作瘤胃微生物生长研究的底物，采用体外产气法。在第一个实验中，评估了含有洛伐他汀的 FRS（FRSE）提取物在减少甲烷（CH4）产生、微生物种群和瘤胃液活性方面的功效。FRSE 降低了总气体和 CH4 的产生（P < 0.01）。它还降低了（P < 0.01）总产甲烷菌的种群，并增加了包括白色瘤胃球菌、纤维丁酸弧菌（P < 0.01）和黄色瘤胃球菌（P < 0.05）在内的纤维素分解菌。同样，与未发酵的稻草相比，FRS 降低了总气体和 CH4 的产生、产甲烷菌的种群，但提高了体外干物质消化率。FRSE 和 FRS 中的洛伐他汀显著增加了 HMG-CoA 还原酶基因的表达，该基因产生 HMG-CoA 还原酶，这是产甲烷古菌细胞膜产生的关键酶。
