Laboratory of Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Division of Physical and Cultural Education, Hellenic Army Academy, Athens, Greece.
J Hum Kinet. 2012 May;32:87-95. doi: 10.2478/v10078-012-0026-4. Epub 2012 May 30.
While there is a direct relationship between maximal anaerobic power (Pmax) and swimming performance, the relationship between upper and lower limbs with regard to Pmax and force-velocity (F-v) characteristics is not clear. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of age and sex on the ratios of mechanical characteristics between upper and lower extremities of adolescent swimmers. Seventeen girls (aged 14.7±1.8 yr) (mean±standard deviation) and 28 boys (14.6±1.4 yr), all members of competitive swimming clubs, performed a F-v test for both legs and arms. In legs, boys had higher values of Pmax (t43=2.4, p<0.05), Pmax expressed in relative to body mass values (rPmax, t43=3.4, p<0.01) and v0 (t43=4.3, p<0.001), while no differences were found for F0 (t43=1.0, p=0.31) and v0/F0 (t43=0.55, p=0.59). In arms, boys had higher values of Pmax (t43=3.2, p<0.01), rPmax (t43=3.9, p<0.001) and v0 (t43=3.4, p<0.01), while no differences were found for F0 (t43=1.9, p=0.06) and v0/F0 (t43=0.16, p=0.87). However, no sex difference was found with regard to the ratios of Pmax (t43=1.9, p=0.06), F0 (t43=1.2, p=0.23) and v0 (t43=1.3, p=0.20) between upper and lower extremities. There was direct relationship between age and Pmax of legs (r=0.64, p<0.01 in girls; r=0.43, p<0.05 in boys) and arms (r=0.56, p<0.05; r=0.57, p<0.01 respectively), while there was not any significant association between age and the ratios of mechanical characteristics of upper and lower limbs. These findings emphasize the need for separate evaluation of arms' and legs' force-velocity characteristics on a regular basis and the consideration of these measures in training design.
虽然最大无氧功率 (Pmax) 与游泳表现之间存在直接关系，但上下肢在 Pmax 和力量-速度 (F-v) 特性方面的关系尚不清楚。本研究的目的是检查年龄和性别对青少年游泳运动员上下肢机械特性比值的影响。17 名女孩（年龄 14.7±1.8 岁）（平均值±标准差）和 28 名男孩（年龄 14.6±1.4 岁），均为竞技游泳俱乐部成员，对双腿和双臂进行了 F-v 测试。在腿部，男孩的 Pmax 值更高（t43=2.4，p<0.05），相对于体重的 Pmax 值（rPmax，t43=3.4，p<0.01）和 v0（t43=4.3，p<0.001）更高，而 F0（t43=1.0，p=0.31）和 v0/F0（t43=0.55，p=0.59）则没有差异。在手臂方面，男孩的 Pmax 值更高（t43=3.2，p<0.01），rPmax 值更高（t43=3.9，p<0.001），v0 值更高（t43=3.4，p<0.01），而 F0 值没有差异（t43=1.9，p=0.06）和 v0/F0（t43=0.16，p=0.87）。然而，在上下肢的 Pmax（t43=1.9，p=0.06）、F0（t43=1.2，p=0.23）和 v0（t43=1.3，p=0.20）比值方面，没有发现性别差异。年龄与腿部（r=0.64，p<0.01 在女孩中；r=0.43，p<0.05 在男孩中）和手臂（r=0.56，p<0.05；r=0.57，p<0.01）的 Pmax 之间存在直接关系，而年龄与上下肢机械特性比值之间没有任何显著关联。这些发现强调了定期对上肢和下肢的力量-速度特性进行单独评估的必要性，并考虑在训练设计中使用这些措施。
