Ren Yu-Fen, Wang Xiao-Ke, Ouyang Zhi-Yun, Hou Pei-Qiang
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 Jan;34(1):373-8.
Rapid increase of the urban impervious underlying surfaces causes a great increase of urban runoff and the accumulation of pollutants on the roof and road surfaces brings many pollutants into the drainage system with the runoff, and it thus becomes a great threat to the urban water environment. To know the runoff pollution process and to build scientific basis for pollutant control, runoff processes from the roof and road surfaces were monitored and analyzed from 2004 to 2006, and the runoff EMC (Event Mean Concentration) was calculated. It was found that two types of runoff were seriously polluted by COD and TN. The COD and TN of roof runoff exceeded the fifth level of the surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002) by 3.64 and 4.80 times, respectively, and the COD and TN of road runoff exceeded by 3.73 and 1.07 times, respectively. M (V) curve was used to determine the relation between runoff volume and runoff pollution load. Various degrees of the first flush phenomenon were found for TSS, COD, TN and TP in roof runoff. But this phenomenon occurred only for TSS and TP of the road runoff, and on the whole it was not obvious. Properties of the underlying surfaces, rainfall intensity, and pollutant accumulation are all important factors affecting the roof and road runoff pollutant emission characteristics.
城市不透水地面的迅速增加导致城市径流大幅增加，屋顶和路面污染物的积累使许多污染物随径流进入排水系统，从而对城市水环境构成巨大威胁。为了解径流污染过程并为污染物控制建立科学依据，于2004年至2006年对屋顶和路面的径流过程进行了监测与分析，并计算了径流事件平均浓度（EMC）。结果发现，两类径流受到化学需氧量（COD）和总氮（TN）的严重污染。屋顶径流的COD和TN分别超过《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838 - 2002）Ⅴ类标准3.64倍和4.80倍，道路径流的COD和TN分别超过3.73倍和1.07倍。采用M（V）曲线确定径流量与径流污染负荷之间的关系。发现屋顶径流中的总悬浮固体（TSS）、COD、TN和总磷（TP）存在不同程度的初期冲刷现象。但这种现象仅在道路径流的TSS和TP中出现，总体上并不明显。下垫面性质、降雨强度和污染物积累都是影响屋顶和道路径流污染物排放特征的重要因素。
