University of Rochester Medical Center, James P Wilmot Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Box 658, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Apr;14(6):757-66. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.776541.
Nausea and vomiting are two of the most frequent and troubling side effects patients experience during chemotherapy, interfering with compliance with cancer therapies and quality of life. While newly available treatments have improved our ability to manage nausea and vomiting, anticipatory and delayed nausea and vomiting are still major problems for patients receiving chemotherapy. Many cancer patients consider delaying future chemotherapy cycles and some contemplate stopping chemotherapy altogether because of their fear of experiencing further nausea and vomiting.
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the pathopsychophysiology of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), the recommended guidelines for treatment, and current agents in late-stage clinical trials, and future research needs to address the continued challenges of treatment-related nausea and vomiting.
Despite advances in pharmaceutical and behavioral therapies, and the provision of standard clinical guidelines for effectively managing CINV, patients continue to experience it. Moreover, control of nausea, acute and delayed, and anticipatory nausea and vomiting remains an important, unmet need among cancer patients. It is critical to focus attention on better understanding the mechanisms underlying nausea, anticipatory symptoms and delayed symptoms.
恶心和呕吐是化疗患者最常见和最困扰的副作用之一，会干扰癌症治疗的依从性和生活质量。虽然新的治疗方法提高了我们控制恶心和呕吐的能力，但预期性和延迟性恶心和呕吐仍然是接受化疗的患者的主要问题。许多癌症患者因为担心进一步出现恶心和呕吐而考虑延迟未来的化疗周期，有些患者甚至考虑停止化疗。
本文旨在概述化疗引起的恶心和呕吐（CINV）的病理生理、推荐的治疗指南以及晚期临床试验中的现有药物，以及解决与治疗相关的恶心和呕吐持续挑战的未来研究需求。
尽管在药物和行为疗法方面取得了进展，并为有效管理 CINV 提供了标准临床指南，但患者仍在经历它。此外，控制恶心、急性和延迟性恶心以及预期性恶心和呕吐仍然是癌症患者的一个重要未满足的需求。关注更好地理解恶心、预期性症状和延迟性症状的机制至关重要。
