Flavanol metabolites distribute in visceral adipose depots after a long-term intake of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in rats.

A considerable number of epidemiological investigations and intervention studies have supported an association between the intake of flavanol- and proanthocyanidin-containing foods and a decreased risk of metabolic diseases. Nonetheless, less is know about the capacity of tissues to accumulate flavanols and/or their metabolites. The main objective of the present study was to determine (n 20) plasma bioavailability and disposition in the liver, muscle, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissues (mesenteric and perirenal) in rats after a long-term consumption of three doses of grape seed phenolic extract (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight) for 21 d in order to determine whether there is a dose-response relationship. Glucuronidated conjugates (total glucuronidated conjugates: C(5 mg/kg) 1·9; C(25 mg/kg) 6·4; C(50 mg/kg) 27·7 μmol/l plasma) followed by methyl glucuronidated conjugates (total methyl glucuronidated conjugates: C(5 mg/kg) 1·98; C(25 mg/kg) 4·48; C(50 mg/kg) 12·5 μmol/l plasma) were the main flavanol metabolites quantified in plasma, also detecting a dimer in its free form (C(25 mg/kg) 0·74; C(50 mg/kg) 0·79 μmol/l plasma). Each of the studied organs has a particular behaviour of accumulation and response to the assayed grape seed extract doses, with an exponential bioavailability-dose relationship in BAT, in which flavanols could play an important role in the reduction or prevention of obesity, modulating the functionality of that tissue.