Bioprospection and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Research Institute of Amazonia (INPA), 69060-001 Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:605831. doi: 10.1155/2013/605831. Epub 2013 Feb 12.
Duroia macrophylla popularly known as "cabeça-de-urubú," "apuruí," or "puruí-grande-da-mata" occurs in the Amazon Forest. Its leaves and branches were collected twice and extracted with dichloromethane and methanol. All extracts were subjected to phytochemical investigation and terpenes and flavonoids were found in all dichloromethane and methanol extracts, respectively. Methanol extracts from both branches (1st collection) and leaves (2nd collection) presented hydrolyzed tannins, yet alkaloids were only detected in the dichloromethane and methanol extracts from branches at the 2nd collection. Phenol compounds were found in both dichloromethane extracts' collections. The action of every extract was assayed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RMPr, H37Rv, and INHr strains), showing that the dichloromethane extract from leaves (1st collection) has the major biological activity, with a MIC of 6.25 μg/mL for the INHr strain, 25.0 μg/mL for the RMPr strain, and ≤6.25 μg/mL for the H37Rv strain. The chromatographic fractioning of the dichloromethane extract from leaves (1st collection) yielded the isolation of two triterpenes: oleanolic and ursolic acids, which were identified by NMR analysis and reported for the first time in the Duroia genus.
大青树（俗称“人头鸟”、“阿普鲁”或“大森林人头鸟”）广泛分布于亚马逊森林中。其叶和枝分别采集两次，分别用二氯甲烷和甲醇提取。所有提取物均进行了植物化学研究，结果表明二氯甲烷和甲醇提取物中分别含有萜类化合物和黄酮类化合物。来自枝（第一次采集）和叶（第二次采集）的甲醇提取物均含有水解单宁，而生物碱仅在第二次采集的枝的二氯甲烷和甲醇提取物中检测到。两个二氯甲烷提取物均含有酚类化合物。对每个提取物的抗结核分枝杆菌（RMPr、H37Rv 和 INHr 株）活性进行了测定，结果表明，来自叶的二氯甲烷提取物（第一次采集）具有主要的生物活性，对 INHr 株的 MIC 为 6.25μg/mL，对 RMPr 株的 MIC 为 25.0μg/mL，对 H37Rv 株的 MIC 为≤6.25μg/mL。来自叶的二氯甲烷提取物（第一次采集）的色谱馏分分离出两种三萜：齐墩果酸和熊果酸，通过 NMR 分析进行了鉴定，这是在大青树属中首次报道。
