School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(3):e2102. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002102. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
Taenia solium cysticercosis/taeniosis is emerging as a serious public health and economic problem in many developing countries. This study was conducted to determine prevalence and risk factors of human T. solium infections in Mbeya Region, Tanzania.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 13 villages of Mbozi district in 2009. Sera of 830 people (mean 37.9±11.3 years (SD); 43% females) were tested for circulating cysticerci antigen (Ag-ELISA) and antibody (Ab-ELISA). A subset of persons found seropositive by Ag-ELISA underwent computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain for evidence of neurocysticercosis. Stool samples from 820 of the same participants were tested for taeniosis by copro-antigens (copro-Ag-ELISA) and formol-ether concentration technique. Cases of T. solium taeniosis were confirmed serologically by EITB assay (rES38). A questionnaire was used for identification of risk factors. Active cysticercosis by positive Ag-ELISA was found in 139 (16.7%) persons while anti-cysticercal antibodies were detected in 376 (45.3%) persons by Ab-ELISA. Among 55 persons positive for Ag-ELISA undergoing CT scan, 30 (54.6%) were found to have structures in the brain suggestive of neurocysticercosis. Using faecal analysis, 43 (5.2%) stool samples tested positive for taeniosis by copro-Ag-ELISA while Taenia eggs were detected in 9 (1.1%) stool samples by routine coprology. Antibodies specifically against adult T. solium were detected in 34 copro-Ag-ELISA positive participants by EITB (rES38) indicating T. solium taeniosis prevalence of 4.1%. Increasing age and hand washing by dipping in contrast to using running water, were found associated with Ag-ELISA seropositivity by logistic regression. Gender (higher risk in females) and water source were risk factors associated with Ab-ELISA seropositivity. Reported symptoms of chronic severe headaches and history of epileptic seizures were found associated with positive Ag-ELISA (p≤0.05).
The present study indicates T. solium infection in humans is highly endemic in the southern highlands of Tanzania.
猪带绦虫囊尾蚴病/囊虫病正在许多发展中国家成为一个严重的公共卫生和经济问题。本研究旨在确定坦桑尼亚姆贝亚地区人类感染猪带绦虫的流行率和危险因素。
2009 年在姆博齐区的 13 个村庄进行了一项横断面调查。对 830 人的血清（平均年龄 37.9±11.3 岁（标准差）；43%为女性）进行循环囊尾蚴抗原（Ag-ELISA）和抗体（Ab-ELISA）检测。通过 Ag-ELISA 检测呈血清阳性的一部分人接受了脑部计算机断层扫描（CT）检查，以确定是否存在神经囊虫病。对 820 名相同参与者的粪便样本进行了粪便抗原（copro-Ag-ELISA）和福尔马林乙醚浓缩技术检测以确定带绦虫病。通过 EITB 检测（rES38）对猪带绦虫带绦虫病病例进行血清学确认。使用问卷确定危险因素。通过 Ag-ELISA 检测到 139 人（16.7%）存在活动性囊尾蚴病，而 Ab-ELISA 检测到 376 人（45.3%）存在抗囊尾蚴抗体。在 55 名 Ag-ELISA 检测呈阳性并接受 CT 扫描的人中，30 人（54.6%）的脑部发现有提示神经囊虫病的结构。通过粪便分析，copro-Ag-ELISA 检测到 43 份（5.2%）粪便样本呈带绦虫病阳性，常规粪便检查发现 9 份（1.1%）粪便样本中有绦虫卵。EITB（rES38）检测到 34 名 copro-Ag-ELISA 阳性参与者中针对成年猪带绦虫的特异性抗体，表明带绦虫带绦虫病的流行率为 4.1%。逻辑回归显示，年龄增长和在水中浸泡而不是使用自来水洗手与 Ag-ELISA 血清阳性相关。性别（女性风险更高）和水源是与 Ab-ELISA 血清阳性相关的危险因素。报告有慢性严重头痛症状和癫痫发作史与 Ag-ELISA 阳性相关（p≤0.05）。
本研究表明，坦桑尼亚南部高地的猪带绦虫感染在人类中高度流行。
