Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Soc Sci Med. 2013 May;84:13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.012. Epub 2013 Feb 16.
The association between neighbourhood social capital and individual health and wellbeing has been explored mainly by focussing on adult outcomes. This study explores the relationship between neighbourhood social capital and adolescent subjective wellbeing, and its interaction with adolescents' socioeconomic status. Data was taken from a random sample of 9107 students who participated in a nationally representative health survey of high school students in New Zealand in 2007. Students' wellbeing was measured by questions on general mood, life satisfaction and WHO-5 Wellbeing Index. Neighbourhood social capital was assessed according to five indicators: neighbourhood social cohesion, facilities, physical disintegration, membership in community organisations, and residential stability. All neighbourhood measures were created based on students' responses aggregated to the neighbourhood level. Neighbourhood was defined as a Census Area Unit, with a median population of 2000 people. Analyses included only neighbourhoods with more than 10 students, and were conducted using cross-classified random intercept multilevel models controlling for students' age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, with both schools and neighbourhoods treated as random effects. A total of 5567 students within 262 neighbourhoods were considered in the analysis. Students living in neighbourhoods characterised by higher levels of social cohesion and membership in community organisations reported higher levels of wellbeing. The association between student self-reported wellbeing and neighbourhood membership in community organisations varied according to the individual socioeconomic status of students. Neighbourhood membership in community organisations showed a stronger protective effect for students who were more socioeconomically deprived.
邻里社会资本与个体健康和幸福感之间的关系主要通过关注成人结果来探索。本研究探讨了邻里社会资本与青少年主观幸福感之间的关系，以及其与青少年社会经济地位的相互作用。数据来自于 2007 年新西兰全国性高中生健康调查中随机抽取的 9107 名学生的样本。学生的幸福感通过一般情绪、生活满意度和世卫组织-5 幸福感指数的问题来衡量。邻里社会资本根据五个指标进行评估：邻里社会凝聚力、设施、物质解体、社区组织成员资格和居住稳定性。所有邻里措施都是根据学生对邻里水平的回答汇总得出的。邻里被定义为人口普查区单位，人口中位数为 2000 人。分析仅包括有 10 多名学生的邻里，使用交叉分类随机截距多层模型进行分析，控制了学生的年龄、性别、族裔和社会经济地位，同时将学校和邻里视为随机效应。共有 5567 名学生在 262 个邻里中被纳入分析。生活在社会凝聚力和社区组织成员较高水平的邻里的学生报告了更高的幸福感。学生自我报告的幸福感与学生社区组织成员之间的关联因学生的个体社会经济地位而异。对于社会经济地位较低的学生来说，社区组织成员资格对他们的保护作用更强。
