Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Place, B119, Bldg 500, 3rd Floor, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Curr Diab Rep. 2013 Jun;13(3):350-61. doi: 10.1007/s11892-013-0380-1.
The incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is increasing globally, most likely explained by environmental changes, such as changing exposures to foods, viruses, and toxins, and by increasing obesity. While cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has been declining recently, this global epidemic of diabetes threatens to stall this trend. CVD is the leading cause of death in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with at least a two- to fourfold increased risk in patients with diabetes. In this review, the risk factors for CVD are discussed in the context of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. While traditional risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity are greater in type 2 patients than in type 1 diabetes, they explain only about half of the increased CVD risk. The role for diabetes-specific risk factors, including hyperglycemia and kidney complications, is discussed in the context of new study findings.
1 型和 2 型糖尿病的发病率在全球范围内都呈上升趋势，这很可能是由于环境变化所致，如食物、病毒和毒素暴露的变化，以及肥胖的增加。虽然心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率最近有所下降，但糖尿病这一全球流行疾病有可能使这一趋势停滞不前。CVD 是 1 型和 2 型糖尿病患者的主要死亡原因，糖尿病患者的 CVD 风险至少增加了两倍至四倍。在这篇综述中，根据 1 型和 2 型糖尿病的情况讨论了 CVD 的危险因素。虽然血脂异常、高血压和肥胖等传统危险因素在 2 型糖尿病患者中比 1 型糖尿病患者更为常见，但它们仅能解释 CVD 风险增加的一半左右。本文还讨论了包括高血糖和肾脏并发症在内的糖尿病特有危险因素在新研究结果中的作用。
