Werner Michael E, Mitchell Brian J
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Methods Enzymol. 2013;525:191-217. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397944-5.00010-9.
Cilia are prevalent biological structures that are important for cell signaling and for generating fluid flow (or motility). Cilia are found throughout biology from single-celled organisms to vertebrates, and many model systems have been employed for their analysis. Here, we describe the use of Xenopus larval skin as a system for the study of ciliogenesis and ciliary function. In particular, we describe basic molecular and embryological manipulations and imaging techniques that have proven particularly useful for understanding the polarized beating of cilia and the generation of directed fluid flow (Werner & Mitchell, 2012). However, these same tools have the potential to benefit a large number of cilia-related biological questions.
纤毛是普遍存在的生物结构，对细胞信号传导和产生流体流动（或运动）很重要。从单细胞生物到脊椎动物，在整个生物学领域都能发现纤毛，并且已经采用了许多模型系统对其进行分析。在这里，我们描述了使用非洲爪蟾幼体皮肤作为研究纤毛发生和纤毛功能的系统。特别是，我们描述了基本的分子和胚胎学操作以及成像技术，这些已被证明对理解纤毛的极化摆动和定向流体流动的产生特别有用（Werner & Mitchell，2012）。然而，这些相同的工具有可能有助于解决大量与纤毛相关的生物学问题。
