Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Schizophr Res. 2013 May;146(1-3):209-16. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.02.034. Epub 2013 Mar 20.
Schizophrenia research has identified deficits in neurocognition, social cognition, and sensory processing. Because a cohesive model of "disturbed cognitive machinery" is currently lacking, we built a conceptual model to integrate neurocognition, social cognition, and sensory processing. In a cross-sectional study, the cognitive performance of participants was measured. In accordance with the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, the participants were assigned to either the schizophrenia group or the non-schizophrenic psychosis group. Exclusion criteria included substance abuse, serious somatic/neurological illness, and perceptual handicap. The male/female ratio, educational level, and handedness did not differ significantly between the groups. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Based upon the results of all possible pairwise models correlating neurocognition, social cognition, and sensory processing, three omnibus models were analyzed. A statistical analysis of a pairwise model-fit (χ(2), CFI, and RMSEA statistics) revealed poor interrelatedness between sensory processing and neurocognition in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy control participants. The omnibus model that predicted disintegration between sensory processing and neurocognition was statistically confirmed as superior for the schizophrenia group (χ(2)(53) of 56.62, p=0.341, RMSEA=0.04, CFI=0.95). In healthy participants, the model predicting maximal interrelatedness between sensory processing/neurocognition and neurocognition/social cognition gave the best fit (χ(2)(52) of 53.74, p=0.408, RMSEA=0.03, CFI=0.97). The performance of the patients with non-schizophrenic psychosis fell between the schizophrenia patients and control participants. These findings suggest increasing separation between sensory processing and neurocognition along the continuum from mental health to schizophrenia. Our results support a conceptual model that posits disintegration between sensory processing of social stimuli and neurocognitive processing.
精神分裂症研究已经确定了神经认知、社会认知和感觉处理方面的缺陷。由于目前缺乏一个连贯的“认知机制障碍”模型，我们构建了一个概念模型来整合神经认知、社会认知和感觉处理。在一项横断面研究中，测量了参与者的认知表现。根据《精神科临床评估时间表》，将参与者分配到精神分裂症组或非精神分裂症精神病组。排除标准包括物质滥用、严重躯体/神经疾病和感知障碍。男性/女性比例、教育水平和利手在两组之间没有显著差异。使用结构方程模型对数据进行分析。根据所有可能的两两模型（关联神经认知、社会认知和感觉处理）的结果，分析了三个整体模型。对一个两两模型拟合的统计分析（χ²、CFI 和 RMSEA 统计量）表明，与健康对照组相比，精神分裂症患者的感觉处理与神经认知之间的相互关系较差。预测感觉处理与神经认知之间分裂的整体模型在统计学上被证实更适合精神分裂症组（χ²（53）为 56.62，p=0.341，RMSEA=0.04，CFI=0.95）。在健康参与者中，预测感觉处理/神经认知和神经认知/社会认知之间最大相关性的模型给出了最佳拟合（χ²（52）为 53.74，p=0.408，RMSEA=0.03，CFI=0.97）。非精神分裂症精神病患者的表现介于精神分裂症患者和对照组之间。这些发现表明，随着从心理健康到精神分裂症的连续体，感觉处理和神经认知之间的分离程度逐渐增加。我们的结果支持了一个概念模型，该模型假设社会刺激的感觉处理与神经认知处理之间的分离。
