Lehrstuhl für Virologie, Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Zoonosen, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinaerstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
Vaccine. 2013 Sep 6;31(39):4235-40. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.016. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a tissue culture-derived, highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus (VACV) exhibiting characteristic defective replication in cells from mammalian hosts. In the 1960s MVA was originally generated as a candidate virus for safer vaccination against smallpox. Now, MVA is widely used in experimental vaccine development targeting important infectious diseases and cancer. Versatile technologies for genetic engineering, large-scale production, and quality control facilitate R&D of recombinant and non-recombinant MVA vaccines matching today's requirements for new biomedical products. Such vaccines are attractive candidates for delivering antigens from pathogens against which no, or no effective vaccine is available, including emerging infections caused by highly pathogenic influenza viruses, chikungunya virus, West Nile virus or zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Other directions are seeking valuable vaccines against highly complex diseases such as AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. Here, we highlight examples of MVA candidate vaccines against infectious diseases, and review the efforts made to assess both the efficacy of vaccination and immune correlates of protection in preclinical studies.
改良安卡拉痘苗病毒（MVA）是一种组织培养衍生的、高度减毒的牛痘病毒（VACV）株，在哺乳动物宿主的细胞中表现出特征性的缺陷复制。20 世纪 60 年代，MVA 最初被开发为一种针对天花的更安全疫苗的候选病毒。现在，MVA 广泛用于针对重要传染病和癌症的实验性疫苗开发。基因工程、大规模生产和质量控制的多功能技术促进了重组和非重组 MVA 疫苗的研发，这些疫苗符合当今对新型生物医学产品的要求。这些疫苗是针对尚无疫苗或尚无有效疫苗的病原体抗原的有吸引力的候选疫苗，包括由高致病性流感病毒、基孔肯雅热病毒、西尼罗河病毒或人畜共患正痘病毒引起的新发感染。其他方向是寻求针对艾滋病、疟疾和结核病等高度复杂疾病的有价值的疫苗。在这里，我们重点介绍了针对传染病的 MVA 候选疫苗的实例，并回顾了评估疫苗接种效果和临床前研究中保护免疫相关性的努力。
