Pavot Vincent, Sebastian Sarah, Turner Alison V, Matthews Jake, Gilbert Sarah C
The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Research Bldg., Old Road Campus, ORCRB, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1581:97-119. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6869-5_6.
The smallpox vaccine based on the vaccinia virus was successfully used to eradicate smallpox, but although very effective, it was a very reactogenic vaccine and responsible for the deaths of one to two people per million vaccinated. Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is an attenuated derivative, also used in the smallpox eradication campaign and now being developed as a recombinant viral vector to produce vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. MVA can encode one or more foreign antigens and thus can function as a multivalent vaccine. The vector can be used at biosafety level 1, has intrinsic adjuvant properties, and induces humoral and cellular immune responses. Many clinical trials of these new vaccines have been conducted, and the safety of MVA is now well documented. Immunogenicity is influenced by the dose and vaccination regimen, and information on the efficacy of MVA-vectored vaccines is now beginning to accumulate. In this chapter, we provide protocols for generation, isolation, amplification, and purification of recombinant MVA for preclinical and clinical evaluation.
基于痘苗病毒的天花疫苗成功用于根除天花，尽管其效果显著，但它是一种反应原性很强的疫苗，每百万接种者中有一到两人会因此死亡。安卡拉改良痘苗病毒（MVA）是一种减毒衍生物，也用于天花根除运动，目前正被开发为一种重组病毒载体，用于生产针对传染病和癌症的疫苗。MVA可以编码一种或多种外源抗原，因此可以作为一种多价疫苗发挥作用。该载体可在生物安全1级条件下使用，具有内在的佐剂特性，并能诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。已经对这些新型疫苗进行了许多临床试验，MVA的安全性现在已有充分记录。免疫原性受剂量和接种方案的影响，关于MVA载体疫苗疗效的信息现在开始积累。在本章中，我们提供了用于重组MVA的产生、分离、扩增和纯化的方案，用于临床前和临床评估。
