National AIDS/STI Control Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2013 Jun;10(2):134-41. doi: 10.1007/s11904-013-0158-8.
New approaches to expanding HIV testing and effective treatment and the wider availability of rapid testing technology have created new opportunities for achieving national and global HIV testing goals. In spite of HIV testing expansion in many settings, growing evidence of the prevention benefits of HIV testing, and the development of new, cost-effective approaches to HIV testing service provision, formidable obstacles to HIV testing expansion persist. Inequitable testing coverage exists within and across countries. While the proportion of people with HIV aware of their status is about 80% in the U.S., the majority of HIV-infected persons in Africa are unaware of their status. Testing of most-at-risk populations, couples, children, and adolescents pose still unresolved policy and programmatic challenges. Future directions for HIV testing include rapid testing technology and detection of acute HIV infection, self-testing expansion, and partner notification. Expanded routine HIV screening and widespread testing is a public health imperative to reach national and international HIV prevention and treatment goals.
新方法的应用使 HIV 检测和有效治疗得到扩展，快速检测技术的广泛应用为实现国家和全球 HIV 检测目标创造了新的机会。尽管在许多情况下都扩大了 HIV 检测范围，但扩大 HIV 检测仍面临一些障碍，例如在国家内部和国家之间，检测覆盖范围存在不平等现象；在一些国家，虽然有越来越多的证据表明 HIV 检测具有预防效益，并且已经开发出了新的、具有成本效益的 HIV 检测服务提供方法，但人们对 HIV 检测的认识仍存在不足；大多数高危人群、夫妇、儿童和青少年的检测仍存在政策和方案方面的挑战尚未得到解决。未来 HIV 检测的方向包括快速检测技术和急性 HIV 感染的检测、自我检测的扩展以及性伴侣通知。扩大常规 HIV 筛查和广泛检测是实现国家和国际 HIV 预防和治疗目标的公共卫生当务之急。
