From the 1Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and 3Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Menopause. 2013 Oct;20(10):1012-9. doi: 10.1097/GME.0b013e3182850138.
This study aims to investigate the effects of an aquatic exercise program (HydrOS) on neuromuscular function and falls among postmenopausal women.
One hundred eight postmenopausal women (mean [SD] age, 58.8 [6.4] y) were randomly divided into the control group (CG; n = 44) and the aquatic exercise group (AEG; n = 64). Both groups received elementary calcium 500 mg/day and cholecalciferol 1,000 IU/day. For 24 weeks, the AEG participated in the aquatic exercise program, whereas the CG remained sedentary. The following variables were measured before and after the program: number of falls and fallers (7 mo before and after the intervention); flexibility, using Wells' Sit-and-Reach Test (FLEX); static balance, using the Unipedal Stance Test (UST); mobility, using the Timed-Up-and-Go test (TUG); handgrip strength of the dominant hand (HGS); and maximal isometric strength of back extensor muscles (SBE), strength of hip flexor muscles (SHF), and strength of knee extensor muscles (SKE). The muscle strength tests were considered the primary outcome, whereas the other neuromuscular tests, together with falls, were considered secondary outcomes. Results were significant when P ≤ 0.05.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly increased by 21% in the CG and by 23% in the AEG (P < 0.001). The number of falls and fallers after the program remained unchanged in the CG; in the AEG, the mean number of falls decreased from 2.00 to 0.29 (P < 0.0001), and the number of fallers decreased by 44% (P < 0.0001). All neuromuscular variables significantly improved in the AEG: FLEX (26.6%; P < 0.0001), UST (14.1%; P < 0.001), TUG (23.7%; P < 0.001), HGS (13.4%; P < 0.001), SBE (26.2%; P < 0.001), SHF (18.5%; P = 0.039), and SKE (7.7%; P < 0.001). In the CG, significant improvements in FLEX (12.2%; P = 0.009), UST (4.5%; P < 0.001), TUG (10%; P < 0.001), and SHF (5.7%; P = 0.039) were observed and could be explained by increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level attributable to supplementation.
The aquatic exercise program HydrOS is a safe and efficient way to improve physical function and to reduce falls among postmenopausal women.
本研究旨在探讨水上运动方案（HydrOS）对绝经后妇女的神经肌肉功能和跌倒的影响。
108 名绝经后妇女（平均[标准差]年龄，58.8[6.4]岁）被随机分为对照组（CG；n=44）和水上运动组（AEG；n=64）。两组均接受基本钙 500 mg/天和胆钙化醇 1000 IU/天。24 周内，AEG 参加水上运动方案，而 CG 保持久坐不动。在方案前后测量了以下变量：跌倒次数和跌倒者（干预前 7 个月和后）；柔韧性，使用 Wells' Sit-and-Reach 测试（FLEX）；静态平衡，使用单足站立测试（UST）；移动能力，使用计时起身行走测试（TUG）；优势手握力（HGS）；以及背伸肌最大等长力量（SBE）、髋屈肌力量（SHF）和膝伸肌力量（SKE）。肌肉力量测试被认为是主要结果，而其他神经肌肉测试以及跌倒被认为是次要结果。当 P≤0.05 时，结果具有统计学意义。
CG 中血清 25-羟维生素 D 水平显著增加 21%，AEG 中增加 23%（P<0.001）。CG 中方案后跌倒次数和跌倒者保持不变；AEG 中，平均跌倒次数从 2.00 减少到 0.29（P<0.0001），跌倒者减少了 44%（P<0.0001）。AEG 中所有神经肌肉变量均显著改善：FLEX（26.6%；P<0.0001）、UST（14.1%；P<0.001）、TUG（23.7%；P<0.001）、HGS（13.4%；P<0.001）、SBE（26.2%；P<0.001）、SHF（18.5%；P=0.039）和 SKE（7.7%；P<0.001）。CG 中，FLEX（12.2%；P=0.009）、UST（4.5%；P<0.001）、TUG（10%；P<0.001）和 SHF（5.7%；P=0.039）显著改善，这可以归因于补充导致的血清 25-羟维生素 D 水平升高。
水上运动方案 HydrOS 是一种安全有效的改善绝经后妇女身体功能和减少跌倒的方法。
