Ison J R, Sanes J N, Foss J A, Pinckney L A
Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, New York 14627.
Behav Neurosci. 1990 Jun;104(3):418-29. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.104.3.418.
The cutaneous eyeblink has 2 electromyographic components, 1 unilateral and early (R1) and 1 bilateral and late (R2), which are served by different neural pathways. These 2 reactions were measured when the eliciting stimulus was expected or relatively surprising. Forewarning was varied in 3 ways: Subjects received notice that the stimulus was about to occur on some trials (Experiment 1); delivered the stimulus to themselves on some trials (Experiments 2 & 3); or experienced a series of trials in which a tone was paired with the eliciting stimulus, followed by tone-alone trials interspersed with test trials (Experiment 4). In each case, forewarning enhanced R1 amplitudes while depressing R2 but reduced the latency of both components. This mixed pattern of effects reveals that the preparatory state provoked by forewarning focuses excitatory and inhibitory processes simultaneously on different reflex pathways: inhibition central and excitation peripheral.
皮肤眨眼反应有两个肌电图成分，一个是单侧的早期成分（R1），另一个是双侧的晚期成分（R2），它们由不同的神经通路支配。当引发刺激是预期的或相对令人惊讶时，会测量这两种反应。预先警告通过三种方式进行变化：在某些试验中，受试者收到刺激即将发生的通知（实验1）；在某些试验中，受试者自行施加刺激（实验2和3）；或者经历一系列试验，其中一个音调与引发刺激配对，随后是穿插有测试试验的单独音调试验（实验4）。在每种情况下，预先警告增强了R1的幅度，同时降低了R2，但缩短了两个成分的潜伏期。这种混合的效应模式表明，预先警告引发的准备状态同时将兴奋和抑制过程集中在不同的反射通路上：中枢抑制和外周兴奋。
