Solomon K E, Annis H M
Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Br J Addict. 1990 May;85(5):659-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb03528.x.
A recent controversy in research on self-efficacy theory has been directed at the role of outcome and efficacy expectancies in the prediction of behaviour. While Bandura maintains that outcome expectancies add little information to prediction beyond that explained by efficacy expectations, others disagree. The present study explored the efficacy-outcome expectancy relationship in a population of alcoholic clients as they moved through a traditional treatment program and were contacted following a three-month aftercare period. Results indicated that outcome expectancies (defined as the costs and benefits expected to result from a change in drinking) did not predict consumption at follow-up. However, self-efficacy (defined as confidence in being able to resist the urge to drink heavily) assessed at intake of treatment, was strongly associated with the level of consumption on drinking occasions at follow-up. These findings are discussed in relation to the relevance of self-efficacy theory to research and treatment of alcoholic patients.
近期自我效能理论研究中的一场争议聚焦于结果期望和效能期望在行为预测中的作用。虽然班杜拉认为，结果期望在预测中所增加的信息，并不比效能期望所解释的信息多，但其他人则持不同意见。本研究探讨了一群酗酒者在接受传统治疗项目过程中以及在为期三个月的后续照护期结束后接受随访时，效能期望与结果期望之间的关系。结果表明，结果期望（定义为饮酒行为改变预期产生的成本和收益）并不能预测随访时的饮酒量。然而，在治疗开始时评估的自我效能（定义为对能够抵抗大量饮酒冲动的信心）与随访时饮酒场合的饮酒量水平密切相关。本文结合自我效能理论对酗酒患者研究和治疗的相关性，对这些发现进行了讨论。
