HYDRA Foundation, Institute of Psychology, Society and Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2013 Mar;19(1):83-93. doi: 10.1037/a0032148.
When individuals perceive time pressure, they decrease the generation of diagnostic hypotheses and prioritize information. This article examines whether individual differences in (a) internal time urgency, (b) experience, and (c) fluid mental ability can moderate these effects. Police officers worked through a computer-based rape investigative scenario, in which 35 were subjected to a time pressure manipulation, with their hypotheses generation and prioritization skills compared with a control (n = 41). Group 1 was told they would "get less time to complete the scenario compared with other officers," although both groups had equal amounts of time. Regression analyses found that time pressure reduced hypothesis generation and that individual differences in time urgency moderated this effect; individuals who tend to perceive time to pass more slowly than it is continued to generate hypotheses despite the presence of time pressure. Time pressure also influenced the likelihood of action prioritization at the start of the investigation. Time pressure was found to increase action prioritization, but only for officers with low time urgency or high fluid ability. Experience had no effect on time pressure during the investigative scenario. Implications of these findings are discussed.
当个体感知到时间压力时，他们会减少诊断假设的生成，并优先处理信息。本文探讨了个体差异（a）内部时间紧迫感、（b）经验和（c）流体智力能力是否可以调节这些影响。警察通过计算机进行强奸调查场景的工作，其中 35 人受到时间压力的影响，他们的假设生成和优先级排序技能与对照组（n=41）进行了比较。第 1 组被告知与其他警察相比，他们“完成场景的时间会更少”，尽管两组的时间是相等的。回归分析发现，时间压力会减少假设生成，而时间紧迫感的个体差异会调节这种影响；与时间流逝的速度相比，时间紧迫感较强的个体即使在时间压力下也会继续生成假设。时间压力也会影响调查开始时的行动优先级。研究发现，时间压力会增加行动优先级，但仅适用于时间紧迫感低或流体智力能力高的警察。经验对调查过程中的时间压力没有影响。讨论了这些发现的含义。
