Section of Graduate Periodontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
J Clin Periodontol. 2013 May;40(5):457-73. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12053.
To obtain an overall quantitative estimate of the association between pregnancy and gingival inflammation.
Medline and EMBASE databases were searched through August 2011. Prospective cohort or cross-sectional studies assessing the effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation evaluated by the gingival index (GI) and/or bleeding on probing were included. Meta-analyses were performed if possible.
Forty-four articles representing 33 studies (14 cohort and 19 cross-sectional) were included. Meta-analyses, performed whenever possible, revealed (1) a significantly lower GI in pregnant women in the first term compared with those in their second or third term of pregnancy; (2) a lower mean GI score in post-partum women compared with women in their second [WMD = 0.143; 95% CI (0.031; 0.255); p = 0.012] or third term [WMD = 0.256; 95% CI (0.151; 0.360); p < 0.001] of pregnancy, when considering cohort studies; (3) Non-pregnant women had lower mean GI values than women in their second or third term of pregnancy. Small changes in plaque levels were reported.
Despite the limited number of studies included in the meta-analyses, the present systematic review confirms the existence of a significant increase in GI throughout pregnancy and between pregnant versus post-partum or non-pregnant women, without a concomitant increase in plaque levels.
综合评估妊娠与牙龈炎症之间的关联。
通过 2011 年 8 月检索 Medline 和 EMBASE 数据库。纳入前瞻性队列或横断面研究，评估通过牙龈指数（GI）和/或探诊出血评估妊娠对牙龈炎症的影响。如果可能，进行荟萃分析。
共纳入 44 篇文章，代表 33 项研究（14 项队列研究和 19 项横断面研究）。只要有可能，进行荟萃分析显示：（1）妊娠第一期孕妇的 GI 明显低于妊娠第二期或第三期孕妇；（2）产后妇女的平均 GI 评分低于妊娠第二期[WMD=0.143；95%CI（0.031；0.255）；p=0.012]或第三期[WMD=0.256；95%CI（0.151；0.360）；p<0.001]，考虑到队列研究；（3）非妊娠妇女的平均 GI 值低于妊娠第二期或第三期妇女。报告了菌斑水平的微小变化。
尽管纳入荟萃分析的研究数量有限，但本系统评价证实妊娠期间和产后与非妊娠妇女相比，GI 显著增加，但菌斑水平没有相应增加。
