Chen Steven T, Geller Alan C, Tsao Hensin
Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Curr Dermatol Rep. 2013 Mar 1;2(1):24-34. doi: 10.1007/s13671-012-0035-5.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) has been increasing steadily in incidence over the past 30 years. Recent studies have explored associations between CMM and varying physiologic risk factors, such as nevi or hair and eye color, in addition to historical features such as a personal history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), childhood cancers, Parkinson's Disease, hormone exposure and family history of CMM. Genome-wide association studies have also uncovered many genetic determinants of CMM risk. Ultimately, ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure remains the most important modifiable risk factor for CMM. Organ transplant recipients, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory usage may also play a role. While risk factors are important to identify, effective campaigns to reduce the burden of disease through early detection and prevention are essential. We present detailed data regarding these facets of care for the CMM patient, and provide an update on the epidemiology of CMM.
在过去30年里，皮肤恶性黑色素瘤（CMM）的发病率一直在稳步上升。最近的研究探讨了CMM与各种生理风险因素之间的关联，如痣、头发和眼睛颜色，此外还包括一些既往特征，如非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC）个人史、儿童癌症、帕金森病、激素暴露以及CMM家族史。全基因组关联研究也发现了许多CMM风险的遗传决定因素。最终，紫外线（UV）辐射暴露仍然是CMM最重要的可改变风险因素。器官移植受者和使用非甾体抗炎药也可能起一定作用。虽然识别风险因素很重要，但通过早期检测和预防来减轻疾病负担的有效活动至关重要。我们展示了有关CMM患者这些护理方面的详细数据，并提供了CMM流行病学的最新情况。
