Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis: nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy studied by flow cytometry.

From 1944 to 1987, 28 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract were treated and also had tumor specimens that were fully evaluable by flow cytometric nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy analysis: 22 had squamous cell carcinoma of the intrarenal collecting system, 4 had tumors of the ureter, and 2 had tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter. Eight patients (29%) had deoxyribonucleic acid diploid, 11 (39%) tetraploid and 9 (32%) aneuploid ploidy patterns. Ploidy pattern significantly correlated with histological grade and tumor stage. Almost all tumors were histologically of high grade; among the patients with high grade tumors ploidy analysis separated fair and poor prognosis groups. Pathological stage was the dominant clinical variable. A total of 14 patients (50%) had advanced stage disease and all died within 12 months of diagnosis. Nearly all of these patients showed abnormal ploidy patterns and ploidy analysis was not useful prognostically for this group. In contrast, all 3 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis who were long-term survivors had deoxyribonucleic acid diploid tumors. However, there is no clear statistical evidence from this study that ploidy analysis provides important prognostic information independent of stage and grade for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis.