Khalsa Sat Bir S, Butzer Bethany, Shorter Stephanie M, Reinhardt Kristen M, Cope Stephen
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Altern Ther Health Med. 2013 Mar-Apr;19(2):34-45.
Professional musicians often experience high levels of stress, music performance anxiety (MPA), and performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). Given the fact that most professional musicians begin their musical training before the age of 12, it is important to identify interventions that will address these issues from an early age.
This study intended to replicate and expand upon adult research in this area by evaluating the effects of a yoga intervention on MPA and PRMDs in a population of adolescent musicians. The present study was the first to examine these effects.
The research team assigned participants, adolescent musicians, into two groups. The intervention group (n = 84) took part in a 6-wk yoga program, and the control group (n = 51) received no treatment. The team evaluated the effects of the yoga intervention by comparing the scores of the intervention group to those of the control group on a number of questionnaires related to MPA and PRMDs.
The study was conducted at the Boston University Tanglewood Institute (BUTI). BUTI is a training academy for advanced adolescent musicians, located in Lenox, Massachusetts.
Participants were adolescent, residential music students (mean age = 16 y) in a 6-wk summer program at the BUTI in 2007 and 2008.
Participants in the yoga intervention group were requested to attend three, 60-min, Kripalustyle yoga classes each wk for 6 wk.
MPA was measured using the Performance Anxiety Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Music Performance Anxiety Inventory for Adolescents (MPAI-A). PRMDs were measured using the Performance-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (PRMD-Q). RESULTS • Yoga participants showed statistically significant reductions in MPA from baseline to the end of the program compared to the control group, as measured by several subscales of the PAQ and MPAI-A; however, the results for PRMDs were inconsistent.
The findings suggest that yoga may be a promising way for adolescents to reduce MPA and perhaps even prevent it in the future. These findings also suggest a novel treatment modality that potentially might alleviate MPA and prevent the early disruption and termination of musical careers.
职业音乐家经常经历高水平的压力、音乐表演焦虑（MPA）以及与表演相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（PRMDs）。鉴于大多数职业音乐家在12岁之前就开始接受音乐训练，确定能够从早年就解决这些问题的干预措施很重要。
本研究旨在通过评估瑜伽干预对青少年音乐家群体中MPA和PRMDs的影响，复制并扩展该领域的成人研究。本研究是首次考察这些影响。
研究团队将参与者，即青少年音乐家，分为两组。干预组（n = 84）参加为期6周的瑜伽课程，对照组（n = 51）不接受任何治疗。研究团队通过比较干预组和对照组在一些与MPA和PRMDs相关问卷上的得分，来评估瑜伽干预的效果。
该研究在波士顿大学坦格尔伍德音乐学院（BUTI）进行。BUTI是一所位于马萨诸塞州莱诺克斯的高级青少年音乐家培训学院。
参与者是2007年和2008年在BUTI参加为期6周暑期课程的青少年住校音乐学生（平均年龄 = 16岁）。
瑜伽干预组的参与者被要求每周参加三次，每次60分钟的克里帕鲁式瑜伽课程，共6周。
使用表演焦虑问卷（PAQ）和青少年音乐表演焦虑量表（MPAI - A）测量MPA。使用与表演相关的肌肉骨骼疾病问卷（PRMD - Q）测量PRMDs。结果•与对照组相比，通过PAQ和MPAI - A的几个子量表测量，瑜伽参与者从基线到课程结束时MPA有统计学意义的降低；然而，PRMDs的结果并不一致。
研究结果表明，瑜伽可能是青少年减少MPA的一种有前景的方法，甚至可能在未来预防MPA。这些发现还提示了一种新的治疗方式，有可能减轻MPA并防止音乐生涯过早中断和终止。
