Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Theriogenology. 2013 Jul 1;80(1):24-33. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.03.005. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
The aim of this study was to identify the functional-anatomical structures of the canine penis during and after erection to demonstrate the respective changes to provide a basis for further examinations of pathological conditions like priapism. Additionally, a gray-scale analysis was performed to quantify results from the ultrasound examination. In total, 80 dogs were examined. In group (Gr.) A, 44 intact or castrated dogs were examined, and in Gr. B, 36 dogs were examined during erection and after complete detumescence of the penis. The following parameters were assessed: (1) using physical measurements: length of the Pars longa glandis [Plg] and length of the Bulbus glandis [Bg]; and (2) using ultrasound: total penile diameter, width of the erectile tissue of the Plg, diameter of the Corpus spongiosum [Cs] including the penile bone and urethra, vertical diameter, circumference of the penis, cross-sectional area, and area of the Cs including the urethra. The mentioned parameters could be assessed in all dogs of Gr. A and Gr. B with the only exception being the urethra that could be visualized using ultrasound in some dogs only and predominantly in the erected penis (Gr. B). Concomitantly, the erectile tissue of the Plg and the Cs was more heterogenous and hypo- to anechoic during erection compared with dogs in Gr. A and Gr. B after detumescence. Comparing the results in Gr. B, the length of the Plg and the Bg were decreased approximately 40.6% and 38.0%, the total width of the penis 40.5%, the total width of the erectile tissue of the Plg 48.0%, and the width of the Cs 15.6% during detumescence compared with erection. Comparing the decrease in size at the different locations (apex penis, middle of Plg, middle of Bg) for vertical diameter, total circumference, and cross-section area, it was largest at the Bg. B-mode ultrasound is a suitable tool to investigate not only the morpho-functional structures of the resting canine penis, but also of the erected and detumescent penis, and to investigate the underlying changes during erection and detumenscence.
本研究的目的是确定犬阴茎在勃起过程中和勃起后的功能解剖结构，以展示相应的变化，为进一步检查阴茎异常勃起等病理情况提供基础。此外，还进行了灰阶分析以量化超声检查的结果。总共检查了 80 只狗。在 A 组中，检查了 44 只完整或去势的狗，在 B 组中，在 36 只狗勃起后完全消退时检查了阴茎。评估了以下参数：（1）使用物理测量：长前列腺[Plg]和长球茎腺[Bg]；（2）使用超声：总阴茎直径、Plg 勃起组织的宽度、包括阴茎骨和尿道的海绵体[Cs]的直径、垂直直径、阴茎周长、横截面积、包括尿道的 Cs 面积。在 A 组和 B 组的所有狗中都可以评估上述参数，唯一的例外是尿道，仅在一些狗中（B 组）且主要在勃起的阴茎中可以通过超声看到。同时，与勃起后的 A 组和 B 组相比，勃起时 Plg 和 Cs 的勃起组织更不均匀，呈低回声至无回声。比较 B 组的结果，勃起后 Plg 和 Bg 的长度分别减少了约 40.6%和 38.0%，阴茎总宽度减少了 40.5%，Plg 的总勃起组织宽度减少了 48.0%，Cs 的宽度减少了 15.6%。比较不同部位（阴茎顶端、Plg 中部、Bg 中部）的垂直直径、总周长和横截面积的缩小程度，Bg 最大。B 型超声是一种合适的工具，不仅可以研究犬休息时阴茎的形态功能结构，还可以研究勃起和消退时的阴茎，并研究勃起和消退过程中的潜在变化。
