Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2013 May;52(5 Suppl):S36-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.01.007.
It is well established that exposures during childhood and adolescence affect breast cancer risk much later in life. Recently, studies have begun to evaluate whether early life exposures might also impact the risk of developing benign breast disease (BBD). A diagnosis of proliferative BBD independent of other breast cancer risk factors also increases the subsequent risk of breast cancer; therefore, understanding how to decrease the incidence of BBD may have important implications for primary breast cancer prevention.
We reviewed several studies from prospective cohort studies that have investigated the relationship between risk factors during childhood and adolescence, such as anthropometric and reproductive characteristics as well as diet and other behaviors, and subsequent risk of BBD.
Higher intake of vegetable oils, nuts, vitamin E, and fiber and lower consumption of animal fat, red meat, and alcohol are associated with reduced risk of BBD. Childhood weight and adolescent body mass index are inversely associated with BBD risk, whereas a greater peak height velocity during adolescence is associated with a higher risk of BBD. There was no association between age of menarche and risk of BBD.
Early life exposures and behaviors appear to impact BBD risk. The current body of evidence further supports the importance of a life-course approach to breast cancer prevention.
众所周知，儿童期和青春期的暴露会对以后的乳腺癌风险产生很大影响。最近，研究开始评估早期生活暴露是否也会影响良性乳腺疾病 (BBD) 的发病风险。独立于其他乳腺癌危险因素的增殖性 BBD 的诊断也会增加以后乳腺癌的风险；因此，了解如何降低 BBD 的发病率可能对原发性乳腺癌预防具有重要意义。
我们回顾了几项前瞻性队列研究的研究，这些研究调查了儿童和青少年时期的危险因素，如人体测量和生殖特征以及饮食和其他行为，与随后的 BBD 风险之间的关系。
较高的植物油、坚果、维生素 E 和纤维摄入量以及较低的动物脂肪、红色肉类和酒精摄入量与 BBD 风险降低有关。儿童期体重和青少年期体重指数与 BBD 风险呈负相关，而青春期时的最大身高增长率较高与 BBD 风险较高相关。初潮年龄与 BBD 风险之间没有关联。
早期生活暴露和行为似乎会影响 BBD 的风险。目前的证据进一步支持了对乳腺癌预防采用生命历程方法的重要性。
